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Infertility Awareness Week: Know causes behind rising cases of male infertility
There has been a spike in male infertility cases, largely driven by increasing stress levels, obesity, poor lifestyle choices, and growing environmental pollution. These factors affect sperm quality, hormone balance, and overall reproductive health. This growing trend is a cause for concern, especially among couples aged 25-35 trying to conceive. Early diagnosis, maintaining a healthy weight, regular exercise, reducing stress, and avoiding smoking and alcohol can significantly help manage and improve male fertility. Every year, National Infertility Awareness Week is observed between April 20 and April 26. It is done to raise awareness about infertility and the need for more people to be educated about it. Infertility affects both men and women. Male infertility refers to problems in a man's reproductive system that prevent him from successfully initiating a pregnancy with his partner. Dr. Rita Modi, senior IVF consultant, Motherhood Fertility & IVF, Kharghar, explains, "Infertility is an increasing concern not just for women but also for men, with male infertility contributing to nearly half of all infertility cases. Male infertility does not just affect the male’s body, but also your mental well-being. This can further lead to feelings of guilt, shame, and a sense of failure in many men. These overwhelming emotions can make them stop from expressing what’s on their mind. We have observed an increasing incidence of male infertility. In two months, I have seen 17-18 men aged 27-35 with semen reports showing issues related to sperm number or quality." Shedding light on the issue, she further says, "Seeking medical help for fertility is necessary. The doctor may recommend a lot of interventions available, like hormone therapy, surgical procedures like sperm retrieval techniques, treatment of underlying medical conditions like diabetes, thyroid disorders, or infections that may affect fertility or IVF and sperm freezing after assessing fertility health. Adopting a healthy lifestyle that includes eating healthy food, staying active, reducing your stress levels, and avoiding smoking or drinking alcohol can help support your fertility. It is imperative to talk freely without feeling guilty and understand that seeking help will help to improve the outcomes." Dr Nisha Pansare, fertility specialist, Nova IVF Fertility, Kharadi in Pune, adds “The higher rate of male infertility is linked to a combination of lifestyle, environmental, and health-related factors. Rising stress levels, along with unhealthy habits like smoking and alcohol use, have been shown to lower sperm count. Moreover, obesity and poor dietary choices, including frequent consumption of fast food are further contributing to declining male fertility. Environmental pollution and even exposure to harmful substances like pesticides and heavy metals compromise sperm quality. Certain medical conditions also contribute to male infertility, such as hormonal imbalances, diabetes, and infections. Age plays a role, too, as sperm quality tends to decline as one becomes older. So, timely diagnosis and management are key for men." Dr Nisha added, “In two months, 5-6 males aged 25-35 come with low sperm count, azoospermia, and are counselled for fertility treatment to be able to conceive. Diagnosing male infertility includes a detailed medical history, a physical exam, and a semen analysis to assess sperm count, movement, and shape. Symptoms may include low sex drive, testicular pain or swelling, and hormonal issues. In vitro fertilisation (IVF) is an effective treatment where eggs are fertilised with sperm in a lab for conception. Sperm freezing (cryopreservation) helps preserve fertility for men with low sperm counts or those undergoing other treatments. These advanced techniques offer the couple a chance to conceive and embrace parenthood. Addressing the stigma around male infertility is crucial. Experts stress the need for greater awareness through campaigns to break taboos and promote open conversations. Men should take charge of their reproductive health and seek timely treatment without any further delay.”
24 April,2025 05:34 PM IST | Mumbai | mid-day online correspondent
Vaccine-preventable diseases on rise globally, warns UN
Outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases such as measles, meningitis, and yellow fever are on the rise globally amid misinformation and cuts to international aid, the United Nations and the Gavi vaccine alliance warned Wednesday. "Vaccines have saved more than 150 million lives over the past five decades," WHO chief Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus said in a statement. "Funding cuts to global health have put these hard-won gains in jeopardy." Tedros added that the increasing outbreaks around the world are "putting lives at risk and exposing countries to increased costs in treating diseases." Measles, for example, is making an "especially dangerous comeback," with cases rising every year since 2021 and reaching an estimated 10.3 million in 2023, which is a 20 percent increase since 2022. The organizations believe that the trend is likely to have continued into 2024 and 2025. In the past 12 months, 138 countries have reported measles cases, with 61 experiencing large or disruptive outbreaks -- the highest number observed in any 12-month period since 2019, according to the statement. The joint statement was signed by the World Health Organization, the United Nations children's fund UNICEF, and Gavi, and was released Wednesday at the start of World Immunization Week, which runs April 24-30. Cases of meningitis and yellow fever have also increased significantly in Africa in 2024, it said. The spikes are taking place amid rising misinformation, population growth and humanitarian crises. Meanwhile, funding cuts jeopardize progress and leave millions of children and adults at risk, the groups said, without explicitly mentioning a drastic reduction in US humanitarian aid under President Donald Trump. "The global funding crisis is severely limiting our ability to vaccinate more than 15 million vulnerable children in fragile and conflict-affected countries against measles," added UNICEF chief Catherine Russell. Even as countries attempt to catch up on their immunization backlogs following the Covid-19 pandemic, the number of children missing routine vaccinations has continued to rise. In 2023, an estimated 14.5 million children missed all of their routine vaccine doses, up from 13.9 million in 2022. In this context, Gavi is calling for at least $9 billion in funding ahead of its June 25 pledging summit "to protect 500 million children, saving at least 8 million lives from 2026–2030." This story has been sourced from a third party syndicated feed, agencies. Mid-day accepts no responsibility or liability for its dependability, trustworthiness, reliability and data of the text. Mid-day management/mid-day.com reserves the sole right to alter, delete or remove (without notice) the content in its absolute discretion for any reason whatsoever
24 April,2025 10:33 AM IST | Mumbai | AFP
Do you consume fatty, sugary foods? It may impair brain function, finds study
In a significant study, researchers have linked fatty and sugary diets to impaired cognitive function. The team from University of Sydney looked at the relationship between high-fat, high-sugar (HFHS) diets, particularly those high in refined sugar and saturated fat, and first-person spatial navigation. Spatial navigation is the ability to learn and remember a path from one location to another, a process that can approximate the health of the brain’s hippocampus, said the study published in the International Journal of Obesity. Dr Dominic Tran from the Faculty of Science’s School of Psychology led the research, which found HFHS diets have a detrimental effect on some aspects of cognitive function. It is likely those effects centre on the hippocampus, the brain structure important for spatial navigation and memory formation, rather than acting across the entire brain. “The good news is we think this is an easily reversible situation,” Dr Tran said. “Dietary changes can improve the health of the hippocampus, and therefore our ability to navigate our environment, such as when we’re exploring a new city or learning a new route home.” The research team recruited 55 university students aged between 18 and 38. Each participant completed questionnaires capturing their intake of sugary and fatty foods. They also had their working memory tested in a number recall exercise, and their body mass index (BMI) recorded. The experiment itself required participants to navigate a virtual reality maze and locate a treasure chest six times. The maze was surrounded by landmarks that participants could use to remember their route. Their starting point and the location of the treasure chest remained constant in each trial. If participants found the treasure in less than four minutes, they continued to the next trial. If they failed to find the treasure in this time, they were teleported to its location and given 10 seconds to familiarise themselves with that location before the next trial. Those with lower levels of fat and sugar in their diets were able to pinpoint the location with a higher degree of accuracy than those who consumed these foods multiple times a week. “After controlling for working memory and BMI, measured separately to the experiment, participants’ sugar and fat intake was a reliable predictor of performance in that final, seventh, test,” Dr Tran said. Dr Tran said the results highlight the importance of making good dietary choices to maintain healthy brain function. We’ve long known eating too much refined sugar and saturated fat brings the risk of obesity, metabolic and cardiovascular disease, and certain cancers. We also know these unhealthy eating habits hasten the onset of age-related cognitive decline in middle age and older adults. “This research gives us evidence that diet is important for brain health in early adulthood, a period when cognitive function is usually intact,” Dr Tran said. This story has been sourced from a third party syndicated feed, agencies. Mid-day accepts no responsibility or liability for its dependability, trustworthiness, reliability and data of the text. Mid-day management/mid-day.com reserves the sole right to alter, delete or remove (without notice) the content in its absolute discretion for any reason whatsoever
22 April,2025 04:10 PM IST | Mumbai | IANS
Key enzyme to fight deadly brain cancer identified
Targeting an enzyme can help stop the growth of glioblastoma, the most dangerous type of brain tumour, researchers have found. This enzyme called PGM3 plays a vital role in the hexosamine synthesis pathway, which is involved in the processes of protein and lipid glycosylation that allow tumours to rapidly grow. Lipid glycosylation is a process where sugar molecules attach to fats (lipids) in the body. Researchers with The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – Arthur G. James and Richard J. Solove Research Institute believe that targeting PGM3 can reduce tumour growth and eliminate glioblastoma cells. “This research is important because it has found a new target called PGM3. Blocking the PGM3 enzyme can break the connection between sugar and fat creation in cells, which helps stop tumours from growing,” said lead author Deliang Guo, the founding director of the Center for Cancer Metabolism, in a study published in the journal Science Advances. Glioblastoma is a fast-growing brain tumour that develops from glial cells in the brain. An estimated 15,000 people each year are diagnosed with this lethal brain tumour, according to the Glioblastoma Foundation. The study highlights a promising new approach to fight glioblastoma, giving hope for future advancements in cancer treatment, said Guo. “Glioblastoma is the most lethal primary brain tumour, with a median survival of only 12-16 months from diagnosis despite extensive treatments,” said Huali Su, the first author of the paper, and a researcher with the Department of Radiation Oncology and Center for Cancer Metabolism at OSUCCC-James. “New molecular targets for glioblastoma are urgently needed,” Su added in the paper. The research team included scientists from France, along with the University of California-Los Angeles, University of California-Irvine and University of Louisville. This story has been sourced from a third party syndicated feed, agencies. Mid-day accepts no responsibility or liability for its dependability, trustworthiness, reliability and data of the text. Mid-day management/mid-day.com reserves the sole right to alter, delete or remove (without notice) the content in its absolute discretion for any reason whatsoever.
21 April,2025 08:11 PM IST | New York | IANS
Pinworm medication may treat aggressive skin cancer: Researchers
A team of US scientists has found that a common pinworm medication may stop and reverse cancer growth in Merkel cell carcinoma, an aggressive form of skin cancer. The research led by University of Arizona Cancer Center and published in the Journal of Clinical Investigation, found that in laboratory models of Merkel cell carcinoma, pyrvinium pamoate inhibited cancer cell growth and reversed the cancer’s neuroendocrine features. In mouse models of Merkel cell carcinoma, pyrvinium pamoate reduced tumour growth. Merkel cell carcinoma is a rare but fast-growing neuroendocrine cancer that is three to five times more likely than melanoma to be deadly. Response rates to current therapies – surgery, radiation and immunotherapy – are limited, resulting in a need for effective and broadly applicable therapeutics. “Merkel cell carcinoma is increasing in incidence. Even though it’s a rare cancer type, it mimics a lot of properties that other cancers have,” said senior author Megha Padi, assistant professor at the university. Pyrvinium pamoate, a medication approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 1955 to treat pinworms, has been shown to have antitumour potential in several different cancers, including breast, colorectal, pancreatic and bladder cancers. This is the first time it has been studied in models of Merkel cell carcinoma. Padi and the research team found that in laboratory models of Merkel cell carcinoma, pyrvinium pamoate inhibited cancer cell growth and reversed the cancer’s neuroendocrine features. In mouse models of Merkel cell carcinoma, pyrvinium pamoate reduced tumor growth. “This is a hypothesis, but some people think the reason an antiparasitic agent could be effective against cancers is because tumours are a little bit like parasites in our body,” Padi said. “Parasites and tumours must develop ways to use scarce resources in their host to feed themselves and allow for unlimited multiplication. If the pathways that they have hijacked to feed themselves are the same, then you get lucky, and you have a tumour type that could be amenable to killing by these antiparasitic drugs.” This story has been sourced from a third party syndicated feed, agencies. Mid-day accepts no responsibility or liability for its dependability, trustworthiness, reliability and data of the text. Mid-day management/mid-day.com reserves the sole right to alter, delete or remove (without notice) the content in its absolute discretion for any reason whatsoever.
21 April,2025 08:04 PM IST | New York | IANS
Scientists create novel method to identify healthy and cancerous cells
Researchers from Tokyo Metropolitan University in Japan on Saturday said they have found that the motion of unlabelled cells can be used to tell whether they are cancerous or healthy. They observed malignant fibrosarcoma cells and healthy fibroblasts on a dish and found that tracking and analysis of their paths can be used to differentiate them with up to 94 per cent accuracy. Beyond diagnosis, their technique may also shed light on cell motility related functions, like tissue healing, according to the study published in the journal PLOS One. The team of researchers, led by Professor Hiromi Miyoshi, came up with a way of tracking cells using phase-contrast microscopy, one of the most common ways of observing cells. Phase-contrast microscopy is entirely label free, allowing cells to move about on a petri dish closer to their native state, and is not affected by the optical properties of the plastic petri dishes through which cells are imaged. Through innovative image analysis, they were able to extract trajectories of many individual cells. They focused on properties of the paths taken, like migration speed, and how curvy the paths were, all of which would encode subtle differences in deformation and movement. As a test, they compared healthy fibroblast cells, the key component of animal tissue, and malignant fibrosarcoma cells, cancerous cells which derive from fibrous connective tissue. They were able to show that the cells migrated in subtly different ways, as characterised by the “sum of turn angles” (how curvy the paths were), the frequency of shallow turns, and how quickly they moved. In fact, by combining both the sum of turn angles and how often they made shallow turns, they could predict whether a cell was cancerous or not with an accuracy of 94 per cent. The team’s work not only promises a new way to discriminate cancer cells, but applications to research of any biological function based on cell motility, like the healing of wounds and tissue growth, said the study. This story has been sourced from a third party syndicated feed, agencies. Mid-day accepts no responsibility or liability for its dependability, trustworthiness, reliability and data of the text. Mid-day management/mid-day.com reserves the sole right to alter, delete or remove (without notice) the content in its absolute discretion for any reason whatsoever.
21 April,2025 07:31 PM IST | Tokyo
Kids exposed to paternal depression may have behavioural issues later: Study
A team of researchers at Rutgers University in the US has found that five-year-olds exposed to paternal depression are more likely to have behavioural issues in grade school. In a study published in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine, Kristine Schmitz, an assistant professor of pediatrics at Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School (RWJMS), together with other researchers from RWJMS and from Princeton and Rider universities, reported that children exposed to paternal depression when entering kindergarten are far more likely to have teacher-reported behavioural difficulties and poor social skills at age 9. “We need to consider depression in both parents, not just mothers,” said Schmitz. “Depression is treatable, and to support the whole family, paediatricians must start talking with dads about it and developing father-focused interventions that meet their needs.” On average, between 8 per cent and 13 per cent of fathers in the United States will be affected by some form of depression during their child’s early years, and the prevalence increases to 50 per cent when the mother is also experiencing postpartum depression. Schmitz and colleagues analysed data from the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCWS), a national birth cohort that randomly sampled births in 20 large U.S. cities from 1998 to 2000. The study continues to track changes in participants’ lives. Two FFCWS data points were key to Schmitz’s assessment: When the children were age 5, their fathers were screened for depressive symptoms in the past year; and when they were 9, the children’s teachers completed a survey that included behavioural assessments. “Kindergarten entry is an important developmental milestone, and adversities faced at that time can lead to poorer engagement and behaviours in grade school that may persist or magnify through middle and high school,” the researchers wrote. By comparing data from 1,422 fathers, the researchers were able to map a clear link between paternal depression and child conduct. For instance, kids whose fathers reported depressive symptoms, such as feeling sad, blue or depressed when they were age 5 were, by age 9, significantly more likely to exhibit restlessness, defiance and anger as well as present lower levels of cooperation and self-esteem. Schmitz said several reasons could explain the connection. For one, depression has been found to lead to difficulty parenting and less emotional support for the child. It can also cause conflict or other stress in the home. While paternal depression is connected to challenging child behaviours, there is reason for hope. Identifying and intervening early can help improve not only fathers’ well-being but also the well-being of the children, Schmitz said. This story has been sourced from a third party syndicated feed, agencies. Mid-day accepts no responsibility or liability for its dependability, trustworthiness, reliability and data of the text. Mid-day management/mid-day.com reserves the sole right to alter, delete or remove (without notice) the content in its absolute discretion for any reason whatsoever
21 April,2025 09:27 AM IST | Mumbai | IANS
Researchers use AI to decode how brain processes language during conversations
By combining artificial intelligence (AI) with electrical recordings of brain activity, researchers have been able to track the language exchanged during conversations and the corresponding neural activity in different brain regions, according to a new study. The team from Department of Neurosurgery at Massachusetts General Hospital in the US investigated how our brains process language during real-life conversations. “Specifically, we wanted to understand which brain regions become active when we're speaking and listening, and how these patterns relate to the specific words and context of the conversation,” said lead author Jing Cai in a paper published in Nature Communications. They employed AI to take a closer look at how our brains handle the back-and-forth of real conversations. The team combined advanced AI, specifically language models like those behind ChatGPT, with neural recordings using electrodes placed within the brain. This allowed them to simultaneously track the linguistic features of conversations and the corresponding neural activity in different brain regions. “By analysing these synchronised data streams, we could map how specific aspects of language–like the words being spoken and the conversational context–were represented in the dynamic patterns of brain activity during conversation,” said Cai. They found that both speaking and listening during a conversation engage a widespread network of brain areas in the frontal and temporal lobes. What's interesting is that these brain activity patterns are highly specific, changing depending on the exact words being used, the context and order of those words. “We also observed that some brain regions are active during both speaking and listening, suggesting a partially shared neural basis for these processes. Finally, we identified specific shifts in brain activity that occur when people switch from listening to speaking during a conversation,” said the authors. The findings offer significant insights into how the brain pulls off the seemingly effortless feat of conversation. This story has been sourced from a third party syndicated feed, agencies. Mid-day accepts no responsibility or liability for its dependability, trustworthiness, reliability and data of the text. Mid-day management/mid-day.com reserves the sole right to alter, delete or remove (without notice) the content in its absolute discretion for any reason whatsoever
21 April,2025 09:26 AM IST | Mumbai | IANS
Rising liver ailments concerning; diet crucial to maintain liver health: Experts
Amid a spike in fatty liver disease, hepatitis and cirrhosis across all age groups, experts have raised concerns over the consumption of sugary and processed foods, stressing that diet plays a direct role in liver health and overall wellness. Besides satisfying hunger, wholesome food also has the power to heal, restore and protect, they said. “Currently, youngsters aged 23-30 are getting diagnosed with fatty liver due to constant consumption of sugary, fatty, junk, canned and processed foods," Greeneagles Hospital director (HPB surgery, pancreas, intestine and liver transplant) Dr Anurag Shrimal said. "It is, therefore, imperative that individuals begin to pay close attention to their eating habits. What we eat plays a direct role in how well our liver functions,” he said in a statement on Saturday. Symptoms such as fatigue, jaundice, swelling and abdominal pain often go unnoticed, he stated. Hence, conditions like fatty liver, hepatitis and cirrhosis are on the rise in people of all age groups, the expert said. It is crucial to prioritise liver health and help people understand the value of regular check-ups, preventive care and lifestyle modifications, said Dr Ameet Mandot, director of the department of hepatology and liver transplant medicine at the Mumbai-based hospital. “In our fast-paced lives, it's easy to overlook the silent workhorse of our body - the liver. It doesn't complain much, yet it performs over 500 vital functions daily, from filtering toxins to regulating nutrients,” Dr Chetan Kalal, associate director (hepatology and liver transplant) at the hospital said. Food should not be consumed just to satiate hunger, as it has the power to heal, restore and protect, said the expert. “Our diet plays a key role in preventing and managing liver conditions like fatty liver disease, hepatitis and cirrhosis. Unfortunately, many people only start caring about their liver when symptoms arise. But by then, it may already be under strain,” he noted. A liver-loving diet is not a complex prescription, he said. “It's simple, wholesome food – rich in fibre, abundant in fruits and vegetables, balanced with whole grains and healthy fats, and supported by proper hydration,” Kalal added. This story has been sourced from a third party syndicated feed, agencies. Mid-day accepts no responsibility or liability for its dependability, trustworthiness, reliability and data of the text. Mid-day management/mid-day.com reserves the sole right to alter, delete or remove (without notice) the content in its absolute discretion for any reason whatsoever
20 April,2025 11:51 AM IST | Mumbai | PTI
VR, AR tech may help people manage everyday stress: Study
The virtual and augmented reality (VR/AR) technology could simulate stressful situations and help people practice stress-relief strategies, a new study has revealed. Everyday situations can sometimes feel like big stressors, whether it's delivering an important work presentation, attending a party full of strangers or confronting a partner. Talking to a friend or a therapist can help. But so can practice. A new project from Carnegie Mellon University researchers in the US aimed to make that practice easier by using VR/AR technology. The research team, led by Anna Fang in the School of Computer Science's Human-Computer Interaction Institute, tested their stress simulation technology on a group of 19 participants, the majority of whom overwhelmingly supported it. "For the past 10 to 20 years, virtual reality and augmented reality have taken a really big hold on the health and mental health space," said Fang, noting the many meditation apps available for download. The team built eight prototypes with different design elements for each of the three scenarios, for a total of 24 prototypes. Those prototypes took various forms — virtual reality, mixed or augmented reality, or a text-based environment without visual cues — and offered different degrees of interaction. Overall, Fang and her team found that people liked using the technology to gain more awareness about themselves. "They wanted technology that would help them learn self-sufficiency skills that they didn't feel they had," she said. Participants also noted that they preferred being able to decide when the large language model suggested guidance instead of receiving that guidance automatically. They also wanted to take the headsets to other locations to help them become immersed in and more comfortable with the stressful setting. In this next version, the team plans to upgrade the avatars to look more realistic and to include more text-to-speech features so the avatars can speak to users more naturally. This story has been sourced from a third party syndicated feed, agencies. Mid-day accepts no responsibility or liability for its dependability, trustworthiness, reliability and data of the text. Mid-day management/mid-day.com reserves the sole right to alter, delete or remove (without notice) the content in its absolute discretion for any reason whatsoever
20 April,2025 11:27 AM IST | Mumbai | IANS
Early exposure to air, light pollution may raise paediatric thyroid cancer risk
Early-life exposure to small particle air pollution and outdoor artificial light at night could increase the risk of paediatric thyroid cancer, a new study led by researchers at Yale University in the US has suggested. The team found a “significant association” between exposure to ambient fine particulate matter air pollution (PM2.5) and outdoor artificial light at night (O-ALAN) and increased risk of papillary thyroid cancer in children and young adults up to 19 years old, according to the study published in Environmental Health Perspectives. The exposures occurred during the perinatal stage of life, typically defined as the time from when pregnancy occurs up to a year after birth. “These results are concerning, especially given how widespread both of these exposures are,” said Dr Nicole Deziel, an environmental epidemiologist with the Yale School of Public Health (YSPH) and the study’s lead author. Fine particulate matter is found in urban air pollution due to automobile traffic and industrial activity, and artificial light at night is common, particularly in densely populated urban areas, Deziel added. The research team analysed data from 736 individuals diagnosed with papillary thyroid cancer before age 20 and 36,800 matched control participants based on birth year. Using advanced geospatial and satellite modelling, the team assessed individual-level exposure to PM2.5 and O-ALAN based on residential location at birth. All of the study participants were from California. The findings showed that for every 10 micrograms per cubic meter increase in PM2.5 exposure, the odds of developing thyroid cancer rose by 7 per cent overall. The strongest association between exposure and thyroid cancer was found among teenagers (15–19 years of age) and Hispanic children. Similarly, children born in areas with high levels of exposure to outdoor light at night were 23–25 per cent more likely to develop thyroid cancer, according to the study. "Thyroid cancer is among the fastest growing cancers among children and adolescents, yet we know very little about what causes it in this population," said Deziel, an associate professor of epidemiology (environmental health sciences) and co-director of the Yale Center for Perinatal, Pediatric, and Environmental Epidemiology. The study is the first large-scale investigation to suggest that these exposures early in life — specifically to PM2.5 and outdoor light at night —may play a role in this concerning trend. The researchers emphasised that more work is needed to replicate and expand on their findings, ideally using improved exposure metrics and longitudinal designs. This story has been sourced from a third party syndicated feed, agencies. Mid-day accepts no responsibility or liability for its dependability, trustworthiness, reliability and data of the text. Mid-day management/mid-day.com reserves the sole right to alter, delete or remove (without notice) the content in its absolute discretion for any reason whatsoever
19 April,2025 02:07 PM IST | Mumbai | IANS