In 2023, a range of health issues, including heart, neurological, orthopedic, and respiratory problems, affected many people. Air pollution emerged as a significant factor contributing to lung problems
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“Air pollution encompasses a range of harmful substances emitted from various sources, such as vehicles, industrial facilities and natural events like wildfires. These pollutants include particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide and volatile organic compounds – all of which can have detrimental effects on the environment and human health. Burning of fossil fuels for energy production and transportation, industrial emissions, including those from manufacturing processes, mining operations, waste incineration and pesticide use cause outdoor air pollution. Indoor air pollution is caused due to smoking, products for household cleaning and maintenance, personal care, heating and cooling systems and humidification devices. Air pollution harms one’s lungs,” Said Dr Chhya Vaja, Internal Medicine Expert, Apollo Spectra Mumbai.
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In 2023, a wave of unusual lung problems plagued people across the country, leaving experts and the common man puzzled. The symptoms varied widely among patients, ranging from persistent coughing and shortness of breath to coughing, wheezing, sore throat and nasal congestion. These symptoms caused not only physical distress but also significant emotional turmoil as lives were disrupted by ongoing treatments and unanswered questions about prognosis and long-term consequences.
The following respiratory problems have taken a toll on one’s lungs in 2023:
“Air pollution causes and triggers asthma. Particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and ozone are common air pollutants known to trigger asthma attacks by irritating the airways and causing inflammation. Notably, children living in areas with high levels of air pollution are at an increased risk of developing asthma. This is further compounded by the fact that airborne pollutants can weaken the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to respiratory problems and illness. Prolonged exposure to air pollution has been associated with irreversible lung damage, potentially leading to chronic respiratory conditions such as asthma. It's important to note that while outdoor air pollution plays a significant role in asthma development, indoor pollution from sources like tobacco smoke and cooking fumes also poses a considerable risk. Ultimately, addressing the issue of air pollution is essential in mitigating the burden of asthma on individuals’ health and healthcare systems.”
Dr Prashant Chhajed, Pulmonologist, Lilavati Hospital Said, “Air pollution is a significant contributor to the development and exacerbation of bronchitis, a condition characterized by inflammation of the bronchial tubes. The particulate matter and toxic gases present in polluted air can irritate the respiratory system, leading to increased susceptibility to bronchitis. Moreover, long-term exposure to air pollution has been linked to chronic bronchitis, highlighting the detrimental impact of polluted air on respiratory health. Those living in highly polluted areas are at a higher risk of developing both acute and chronic bronchitis. This highlights the urgent need for measures to reduce air pollution and protect public health. With the rise in urbanization and industrialization, it's crucial to address sources of air pollution and implement policies aimed at improving air quality to prevent the prevalence of bronchitis and other respiratory diseases. The link between air pollution and bronchitis highlights the importance of addressing environmental factors in promoting respiratory health. By raising awareness about this connection and advocating for cleaner air initiatives, we can strive towards reducing the burden of bronchitis on individuals and communities affected by polluted environments.”
Dr Chetan Jain, Pulmonologist, Zynova Shalby Hospital Said, “Air pollution invites pneumonia. The tiny particulate matter and toxic gases suspended in the air can easily penetrate deep into the lungs, causing inflammation and compromising respiratory function. Studies have shown a clear link between exposure to air pollution and an increased risk of developing pneumonia, especially in vulnerable populations such as children and the elderly. Polluted air can weaken the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to infections like pneumonia.
Air pollution is also a possible risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Additionally, long-term exposure to air pollutants can accelerate the decline in lung function among individuals with existing COPD, leading to a higher frequency of exacerbations and hospitalizations. Strict regulations on industrial emissions and vehicle exhaust could significantly reduce the levels of pollutants in the atmosphere, leading to a decrease in pneumonia cases.”
“The fine particulate matter and toxic gases due to air pollution cause harm to the respiratory system. Due to prolonged exposure to polluted air, there is a higher risk of developing lung cancer. The microscopic particles in polluted air can penetrate deep into the lungs, triggering inflammation and oxidative stress, which can eventually lead to the development of cancerous cells. Certain air pollutants like benzene and formaldehyde have been identified as carcinogens, further highlighting the grave impact of air pollution on lung health.
It's crucial to recognize that vulnerable populations such as children and the elderly are disproportionately affected by the adverse effects of air pollution on lung cancer. As they often spend more time outdoors and have developing or weakened respiratory systems, their exposure to polluted air poses a particularly elevated risk. Indoor air quality also plays a significant role in lung health, as exposure to pollutants from cooking fuels and tobacco smoke can further exacerbate the risk of developing lung cancer and other respiratory problems,” underscored Dr Chhajed.
Vital tips to follow in 2024 to take utmost care of the lungs
“Taking care of your lungs is crucial for maintaining good overall health, and there are several simple yet effective tips to keep them in top condition. Regular exercise plays a significant role in lung health by improving their capacity and function. Activities such as brisk walking, swimming, or cycling can help strengthen the respiratory muscles and enhance lung efficiency. Avoiding exposure to pollutants like cigarette smoke, air pollution, and harmful chemicals is essential for protecting your lungs. It's important to be mindful of the air quality in your environment and take necessary precautions to minimise exposure to potential lung irritants.
Practicing deep breathing exercises can aid in promoting healthy lung function and capacity. Wearing a mask, not being around sick people, eating a well-balanced diet, and staying hydrated by drinking an adequate amount of water throughout the day help maintain mucus membranes that line the lungs, promoting better respiratory function. Incorporating these simple yet impactful habits into your routine can significantly contribute to maintaining optimal lung health for years to come. Pledge to take care of your lungs by adhering to these foolproof measures,” Concluded Shahid Patel, Consultant Pulmonologist, Medicover Hospitals, Navi Mumbai
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