Global statistics underscore the gravity of adolescent mental health issues. In November 2021, the World Health Organisation (WHO) reported that about one in seven individuals aged 10 to 19 grapples with a mental disorder
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Mental health plays a vital role in shaping our thoughts, emotions, and choices throughout life. It is a critical aspect of our well-being from childhood to adolescence and into adulthood. However, adolescence, marked by significant changes and challenges, can be a vulnerable period for mental health. Teenagers experience these transformations while their brains are still maturing.
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Global statistics underscore the gravity of adolescent mental health issues. In November 2021, the World Health Organisation (WHO) reported that about one in seven individuals aged 10 to 19 grapples with a mental disorder, contributing to 13 percent of the disease burden within this age group worldwide.
India faces an alarming situation, with the highest youth suicide rate globally, as confirmed by a study published in February 2022 by Devika Mehra et al. Suicide ranks as the leading cause of death among Indian youth.
Failing to recognise and address these conditions during adolescence can lead to long-term consequences. Common mental health disorders during this period include anxiety, depression, ADHD, eating disorders, psychosis, suicide/self-harm and risk-taking behaviours.
Dr Aman Priya Khanna, Co-founder and Medical Director, HexaHealth, General, Laser, Bariatric and Minimal Access Surgeon shares signs and factors affecting teen mental health and ways to promote their well-being.
Signs that teenagers might need help with their mental health:
1. Persistent changes in mood or behaviour.
2. Social withdrawal and isolation.
3. Decline in academic performance.
4. Changes in sleep patterns.
5. Appetite changes.
6. Loss of interest in activities they once enjoyed.
7. Frequent physical complaints (headaches, stomachaches).
8. Increased irritability or anger.
9. Expressing feelings of hopelessness or worthlessness.
10. Self-harming behaviours.
11. Substance abuse.
12. Talking about suicide or death.
If you notice any of these signs, you must seek professional help and support for the teenager.
Factors affecting teen mental health:
1. Peer Pressure: Teens often strive to fit in, leading to stress and risky behaviours to meet the expectations of their friends.
2. Social Media Acceptance: The quest for online approval can trigger self-esteem issues and anxiety as teens compare themselves to curated personas. Influencers shape perceptions, fostering unrealistic expectations and dissatisfaction.
3. In the digital age, teens are accustomed to instant gratification through smartphones and the internet. This can reduce patience and persistence in real-life situations, leading to frustration and impatience.
4. Prolonged screen use disrupts sleep, encourages sedentary behaviour and exposes teens to harmful online content and cyberbullying.
Seven habits to improve teen's mental health:
1. Quality Time: Create an open and non-judgmental space without distractions. Spend one-on-one time with your child and engage in family activities.
2. Let them share freely, without pressure: Talking about their feelings takes trust and courage. Be a trustworthy listener, possibly the first one they confide in.
3. Listen attentively and reflect on what they say: You don't need to agree, but understanding and respecting their feelings is essential. Value their thoughts, acknowledge their achievements, and demonstrate genuine interest in their life.
4. Avoid Diagnosing: While offering support, refrain from diagnosing or jumping to conclusions. Acknowledge that you're not a trained counsellor.
5. Express Love and Care: Show affection in ways your child appreciates, whether through physical gestures or quiet quality time together.
6. Self-Care: Discuss stress management and self-care techniques. Encourage a healthy lifestyle with regular exercise, a balanced diet,\ and adequate sleep.
7. Promote Healthy Screen Habits: Prioritize quality sleep by turning off screens 30 to 60 minutes before bedtime. Encourage screen-free activities such as outdoor adventures and spending time with friends.
Dr Khanna emphasises that teen mental health is not only a personal matter but also a societal concern. By fostering these seven daily habits and promoting a supportive environment, we can empower teenagers to prioritise their mental well-being, ultimately leading to healthier, more resilient individuals and communities.
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