Both heart attack (Ischemic heart disease) and hypertension are lifestyle diseases. Hypertension is the number one risk factor for IHD in the elderly. However, in young people diabetes, family history, stress and tobacco are more important risk factors than high BP
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Maintaining and monitoring heart health is important throughout the year but more so during winter as cold weather often precipitates heart attack, heart failure and increases blood pressure. This is important not only in middle-aged and elderly people but equally important even in younger people.
Lately, we have seen many young people (younger than 40 years) to suddenly succumb to heart attacks.
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Sudden death in young people occurs due to heart attack which is more often due to a clot occluding the artery supplying blood to the heart (coronary arteries). In elderly people attack occurs due to a combination of underlying atherosclerotic narrowing with supper added clots while in youngsters it’s often due to only clots with no or minimal underlying narrowing. Smoking and tobacco are two main risk factors causing blood clots.
Our genetic predisposition to heart diseases with sudden affluence in lifestyle, more and more stress due to unpractical aspirations and competitiveness are specific risk factors in youngsters.
Both heart attack (Ischemic heart disease) and hypertension are lifestyle diseases. Hypertension is the number one risk factor for IHD in the elderly. However, in young people diabetes, family history, stress and tobacco are more important risk factors than high BP.
How to reduce the chances of heart problems in winter ?
Opt for lighter meals, and aim to have dinner before sunset or at least three hours before bedtime. During the festive winter season, maintaining control over your taste buds becomes crucial. Politely decline excessive offerings from hosts and consider having home-cooked meals to navigate the temptation of fried and salty foods, which are major contributors to hypertension and heart diseases.
While enjoying the festivities, it's advisable to avoid heavy meals, especially before bedtime. Indulging in fried and salty foods may enhance the taste but can significantly impact your cardiovascular health. Consider prioritizing a morning walk for exercise, but be cautious of strenuous activities, especially after consuming heavy meals and in cold weather, as these factors can increase the risk of a heart attack.
For those engaging in occasional sports like cricket or garba, it's essential to recognise the importance of conditioning. Unaccustomed activities and sporadic exercises are significant contributors to heart attacks, particularly in young individuals who may be vulnerable. Playing competitive games three or more times a week can reduce the risk of sudden heart attacks, while participating only once a week or less puts individuals at a higher risk.
Staying active in winter is crucial for overall health. Increased physical activity doesn't mean consuming more calories. Opt for seasonal fruits and vegetables to ensure a balanced and nutritious diet. Embracing healthier habits during this season can contribute to better well-being and reduce the risk of heart-related issues.
Balancing physical activity is crucial, as both excessive unaccustomed activities and a sedentary lifestyle pose equal risks. Striking a middle ground is essential for overall well-being.
In cold climates, there is an increased risk of blood clotting, especially for individuals already at a high risk of cardiovascular issues. It is advisable for such individuals to avoid prolonged periods of sitting or remaining in the same position for an extended time to mitigate potential health risks.
Young people, despite their age, face a heightened risk of heart attacks compared to previous generations. Adopting a healthy lifestyle and preventive measures is imperative for this demographic, mirroring the steps taken by older individuals to ensure cardiovascular well-being.
In patients with Cardiomyopathies or conduction abnormalities, sudden death can result from ventricular fibrillation. Individuals with a family history of sudden death at a young age should consider undergoing regular cardiac check-ups. Early detection of potential diseases can be crucial in preventing adverse outcomes before it's too late. Maintaining a balanced lifestyle and being proactive in health screenings is vital for overall heart health.
(Dr V.C.Chauhan, Cardiologist, Bhailal Amin General Hospital, Vadodara)
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