Even as pancreatic cancer rates are rising among people under age 50, a new study on Wednesday showed that most people are unaware that obesity can increase the lifetime risk of pancreatic cancer by 20 per cent. The study, led by researchers from the Ohio State University’s Wexner Medical Center, showed that most people continue to believe that pancreatic disease affects only the elderly – and that there is nothing they can do to reduce their risk. “Pancreatic cancer rates, however, have been rising by about 1 per cent annually, and we are seeing this disease in people who are in their 40s much more regularly. This is a concerning trend, and one for which research is needed to learn why,” said Zobeida Cruz-Monserrate, from the varsity. For the study, the team surveyed from October 4 – October 7 among a sample of 1,004 respondents in the US who were asked about risk factors for pancreatic cancer. The results showed that more than half (53 per cent) of adults under age 50 said they would not recognise the early signs or symptoms of the disease, and more than one-third (37 per cent) believe there is nothing they can do to change their risk of pancreatic cancer. More than one-third (33 per cent) also believe only older adults are at risk. Cruz-Monserrate said reducing the risk of pancreatic cancer could start with maintaining a healthy weight. Obesity alone increases a person’s lifetime risk for pancreatic cancer by 20 per cent. On the other hand, the American Cancer Society (ACS) estimates that just 10 per cent of pancreatic cancers are linked to heredity risk (genetic markers passed down through families), including the BRCA genes, Lynch syndrome, and others. “You can’t change your genes, but you can change your lifestyle. For most people, obesity is within someone’s power to change. It also increases a person’s risk for type 2 diabetes, other cancers, and cardiovascular disease,” said Cruz-Monserrate. Other modifiable lifestyle factors believed to reduce your lifetime risk for pancreatic cancer include limiting or eliminating alcohol consumption, regular moderate exercise, and a plant-based diet with limited red or processed meat. This story has been sourced from a third party syndicated feed, agencies. Mid-day accepts no responsibility or liability for its dependability, trustworthiness, reliability and data of the text. Mid-day management/mid-day.com reserves the sole right to alter, delete or remove (without notice) the content in its absolute discretion for any reason whatsoever.
30 October,2024 10:42 PM IST | New Delhi | IANS
In today’s age of social media, where mental health conversations have gained momentum, many people have opened up about suffering from Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in recent years, describing their symptoms and how it affects their lives. Earlier this month, actress Alia Bhatt had opened up about being diagnosed with ADHD. "I used to get zoned out from a young age. I used to get zoned out in the classroom or during conversations. Recently, I did a psychological test and found out that I am high on the ADHD spectrum. I have ADHD—attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder,” she revealed in an interview with Lallantop.ADHD is a common neurodevelopmental condition that affects millions around the world. Widely believed to be diagnosed only in children, the condition can extend into adulthood and be recognised later in life. Relating to symptoms shared by people living with the condition has led to many others self-diagnosing themselves for the condition, especially if they are easily distracted. But does being distracted mean you have ADHD?Mid-day.com speaks to Sumalatha Vasudeva, Psychologist, Gleneagles BGS Hospital, Bengaluru, and Dr. Kedar Tilwe, Consultant Psychiatrist, Fortis Hiranandani Hospital, Vashi, who not only explain all about the condition but also list down common misperceptions and harms of self-diagnosing oneself.What is ADHD, and how does it affect one’s day-to-day life?Vasudeva: ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder marked by symptoms such as inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, which can vary significantly among individuals.In daily life, ADHD affects focus and attention, making it challenging to concentrate on tasks, often resulting in unfinished projects or overlooked details. Individuals may struggle with organisation and time management, leading to disorganised environments. Impulsivity can result in risky decisions and interruptions in conversations, while difficulties in emotional regulation may cause heightened frustration or mood swings. Additionally, ADHD can impact social interactions, making it harder to maintain relationships. Despite these challenges, many individuals effectively manage their symptoms through strategies, therapy or medication.Tilwe: ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder in which there is a circuitry dysfunction in the brain. It is characterised by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness. The onset is usually between the ages of 4-6 years. ADHD can manifest differently in men and women. Males have a tendency towards hyperactivity, while in females, it’s more about inattention. But the condition affects all genders equally. ADHD can manifest itself in different ways, and the presentation varies from person to person. Some examples are:Inattention: The child will not speak when spoken to. They might drift into their own world or have difficulty finishing tasks.Hyperactivity: If you ask a child to stand in a line, they might not do that. They will constantly be fidgeting.Impulsivity: They might get small injuries due to impulsivity; for example, they might climb a tree and injure themselves. Day-to-day situations may prove to be harmful in such cases. ADHD can also impair a person’s ability to function well in academic life. A child might not be able to focus in class and pay attention despite having the intelligence to do so. Several co-morbid conditions can also develop with ADHD because of the impact on normal processing of information and focus in day-to-day activities. These include mood disorders, anxiety disorders, etc. If ADHD is not treated or is in the moderate-to-severe category, substance abuse can also be a risk.What are some symptoms of ADHD?Vasudeva: Children with ADHD often exhibit distinct primary symptoms. These include difficulties with inattention, such as sustaining focus, being easily distracted, disorganisation and forgetfulness. Hyperactivity symptoms may manifest as fidgeting, restlessness, excessive running, or climbing. Additionally, impulsivity can lead to impulsive decisions or actions and interrupting others. These symptoms can significantly impact a child's daily life, relationships, and academic performance. Recognising these primary symptoms is crucial for early intervention and effective management of ADHD.Can ADHD only be diagnosed in children?Vasudeva: No, ADHD does not only occur in children. It can persist into adolescence and adulthood, and some individuals may not receive a diagnosis until later in life. Tilwe: While the onset is at an early age, ADHD may get missed if it’s mild and be diagnosed later in life.What are some common misconceptions about ADHD? Vasudeva: People have many misconceptions about ADHD. Some of these are:1. ADHD is only for children.2. ADHD medications are addictive.3. ADHD can be cured.4. Only boys have ADHD.5. ADHD is caused by poor parenting.Tilwe: The most common myth is that the IQ of a child with ADHD is low. That is not true. The IQ of someone with ADHD may be normal or even high. But if you do an IQ test, the impulsiveness and restlessness may come in the way of scores. Another myth is that ADHD can’t occur in girls or women. It can. Its presentation is not exclusive to boys.Does being distracted mean someone has ADHD? How dangerous can a self-diagnosis of ADHD prove to be?Vasudeva: No, being distracted doesn't necessarily mean you have ADHD. Distraction is a common experience, and many factors can contribute to it, such as:1. Lack of sleep2. Stress or anxiety3. Multitasking4. Digital overload5. Fatigue6. Boredom7. Other medical conditions (e.g., depression, anxiety disorders)Self-diagnosis of ADHD can be problematic, posing significant risks to one's health and well-being. Misdiagnosis is a major concern, as symptoms may be attributed to ADHD when another condition is the actual cause. This can lead to delayed professional evaluation and treatment, potentially worsening symptoms. Self-medicating or using unproven remedies can also have adverse effects, interacting with other medications or causing harmful reactions.Furthermore, self-diagnosis perpetuates stigma and misunderstandings about ADHD, reinforcing negative stereotypes. It may also overlook co-occurring conditions, underlying issues, and other mental health concerns, resulting in inadequate support and delayed recovery. To avoid these risks, consulting a qualified healthcare professional is essential for an accurate diagnosis and personalised treatment plan.Tilwe: There are clear-cut criteria for the diagnosis of ADHD. Distractibility, which is often confused with ADHD, can be a symptom or result of other conditions as well, like anxiety disorders, substance abuse disorders, etc. If you mistake yourself to be having ADHD instead of the actual condition, you will not only miss out on the correct diagnosis and treatment, you will also end up pursuing the wrong treatment. That can worsen the condition. Consulting a mental health professional is extremely important.Can ADHD be treated?Vasudeva: Yes, ADHD can be effectively treated. Treatment options vary depending on age, severity, and individual needs.Tilwe: There is a clearly established protocol for ADHD treatment. If the symptoms are moderate to severe, medication can be prescribed by a psychiatrist after a formal diagnosis and assessment. But this occurs when it becomes difficult for a person to function with ADHD. For mild to moderate symptoms, lifestyle adjustments are recommended, like behavioural techniques.Please share some tips for people with ADHD to navigate day-to-day life with this condition.Vasudeva: Here are some tips:1. Use planners and calendars to stay organised.2. Break tasks into smaller, manageable chunks.3. Set reminders and alarms.4. Prioritise tasks based on importance and deadlines.5. Create a daily routine.6. Eliminate distractions (turn off notifications, find quiet space).7. Take regular breaks.8. Exercise regularly (improves focus).9. Practice mindfulness meditation.Tilwe: The most important thing is to seek professional help because the severity would determine the treatment. Simple lifestyle modifications like limiting caffeine and carbonated beverage intake, focusing on one task at a time, using time schedulers, etc. can be helpful.It is important to note that ADHD is now widely being considered a neuroatypical condition wherein the brain just functions differently instead of a disorder. But the organisational system that needs to develop around them needs to be understood and utilised. Also Read: ‘I was always exhausted’: Things about menopause that no one prepares you for
30 October,2024 11:52 AM IST | Mumbai | Raaina Jain
Diwali, the festival of lights, is celebrated with great fervour across India. However, the traditional use of firecrackers can significantly impact air quality, leading to a surge in respiratory problems. Firecrackers produce toxic fumes, which may cause chest discomfort or congestion in many individuals. This is particularly concerning for vulnerable groups such as children, the elderly, and individuals with pre-existing respiratory conditions like asthma, bronchitis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Given these risks, it's crucial to take proactive measures to safeguard your lungs during the festive season. Additionally, it's important to be mindful of indoor air quality by keeping homes well-ventilated and using air purifiers. Dr. Salil Bendre, Director, pulmonology and chest medicine at Nanavati Max Super Speciality Hospital (Vile Parle, Mumbai) and Dr. Anusha C M, consultant, respiratory medicine at Manipal Hospital (Malleshwaram) outline the impact of air pollution during Diwali, precautions to be taken, and practical tips that will help you to protect your respiratory health. Firecrackers and lung health: What you need to knowFirecrackers are a major contributor to air pollution during Diwali. “The smoke released contains particulate matter (PM), sulphur dioxide (SO₂), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), and various heavy metals that can irritate the respiratory system and damage lung tissue,” explains Bendre. According to a study, ‘Effect of Fireworks Pollution on Human Health During Diwali Festival,’ conducted in Ahmedabad, nearly 48 per cent of participants reported coughing, while 38 per cent experienced runny noses and eye irritation after exposure to firecracker pollution. The same study found a significant increase in symptoms like breathlessness and wheezing, underscoring the detrimental effects of pollution on respiratory health. This can hamper our respiratory health, both in the short term and long term. Furthermore, research has demonstrated that PM2.5 concentrations—fine particulate matter that can penetrate deep into the lungs—increase significantly during and after Diwali. “This fine particulate matter is particularly harmful as it can lodge in the pulmonary region, triggering inflammation and exacerbating conditions like asthma and bronchitis,” he cautions. How does Diwali air pollution differ from other forms of air pollution? Bendre responds, “Annually, the air quality indexes highlight that PM10 and PM2.5 levels are two to three times higher during Diwali compared to non-festive periods. These pollutants can remain suspended in the air for weeks, further increasing the risk of respiratory issues for sensitive populations, including children and the elderly. Crackers that emit high levels of smoke and fumes are the most dangerous for lung health. Clinical studies from across India have shown that pollutants released during the burning of firecrackers contain a range of harmful chemicals, including aluminium, barium, strontium, and potassium perchlorate, which can lead to inflammation of the airways and severe respiratory distress.” What are the most vulnerable groups to Diwali air pollution?Below, Anusha CM lists five categories of people who are most affected by air pollution: Young children Their respiratory systems are smaller and still developing. Their immune systems are also partially developed, so when exposed to air pollutants, their response is slower, and they are more easily affected. Older population As people age, immunity decreases, and protective mechanisms may sometimes fail, making older adults more vulnerable to air pollutants. Stressed individualsThe third group includes people under stress, which makes them more prone to infections and exacerbations when exposed to air biotics. Residing in high pollution areasThe fourth group consists of individuals who reside in areas with high levels of air pollution, like near industrial zones or areas with significant smoke. These people are also prone to experiencing the harmful effects of air pollution. Residing in congested placesPeople from lower economic strata are at risk as well. They often stay in crowded places with inadequate ventilation and may reside close to highly polluted areas, which can adversely affect their health. The role of exercise in lung protectionFrom increased lung capacity to enhanced circulation, the benefits of exercise are numerous when it comes to improving lung health and function. “While outdoor activities should be minimised during Diwali due to poor air quality, breathing exercises, yoga, and pulmonary rehabilitation play a vital role in maintaining lung health,” shares Bendre. 1. Ideal exercises for lung health are mainly breathing exercises or activities that improve breathing patterns, like swimming or sports. 2. Yoga-based practices, such as pranayama, improve air intake and circulation, further strengthening the lung function. 3. Deep breathing exercises strengthen the respiratory muscles and improve lung capacity, making it more resilient to pollutants. Dietary recommendations for better lung healthBalanced diet and nutrition play an important role in improving lung health. This is particularly important during Diwali, when air pollution levels may rise significantly. “By incorporating immunity-boosting foods into your diet, you can help your body combat the negative effects of pollution,” says Bendre. Antioxidant-rich foods Opt for a diet rich in green leafy vegetables, which are high in antioxidants that help boost immunity and protect the lungs from oxidative damage caused by air pollutants. Citrus fruits, berries, carrots, and spinach are excellent sources of antioxidants. HydrationStaying hydrated by drinking plenty of water also supports lung function, as hydration helps thin mucus, making it easier for the lungs to clear toxins. Herbal teas like ginger, turmeric, and peppermint can soothe the throat and promote respiratory health. Avoid fried foodIt is also better to avoid oily, spicy, and fried foods, as they can cause acidity, which can cause coughing and exacerbate breathing difficulties. Vaccinations: A crucial line of defenceVaccinations are a powerful tool in the fight against respiratory diseases. In addition to taking immediate protective measures, pulmonologists recommend getting vaccinated against respiratory infections, such as influenza and pneumococcal disease. “These vaccines can reduce the severity of infections and provide an additional layer of immunity during high-pollution periods like Diwali,” poses Bendre. Anusha advises to keep track of your vaccinations during the festive period: “Stay protected by ensuring your vaccinations are up to date, and if you are using any kind of inhaler, please continue to use them as prescribed. Do not discontinue them even though you may be busy with festive chores in the house.”Precautions for individuals with pre-existing respiratory conditions For those with conditions such as asthma, bronchitis, or COPD, it is essential to remain vigilant during Diwali. The chemicals and particulate matter (PM) released from firecrackers can trigger severe symptoms, including breathlessness, coughing, and wheezing. Below, Bendre lists key precautions advised by pulmonologists:1. Inhaler use: Continue using prescribed inhalers regularly to manage symptoms and prevent flare-ups. 2. Mask up: Wearing a mask can help reduce the inhalation of harmful particles and gases present in the air. Choose a well-fitted mask, such as an N95 respirator, for optimal protection. 3. Indoor safety: Keep windows closed to minimise exposure to outdoor air pollution, especially when firecrackers are being used. If symptoms worsen, seek medical attention immediately. 4. Limit outdoor exposure: Try to stay indoors as much as possible, especially during the evening when firecracker use peaks. 5. Use air purifiers: Investing in a good-quality air purifier for your home can help reduce indoor pollution levels, particularly in metropolitan areas where air quality is typically worse. 6. Monitor air quality: Keep an eye on the Air Quality Index (AQI) in your area. If the AQI crosses unhealthy levels, avoid outdoor activities. 7. Stay hydrated: Drinking plenty of fluids can help thin mucus, which aids in the clearance of pollutants from the lungs. 8. Avoid firecrackers: Consider celebrating Diwali with eco-friendly alternatives to firecrackers, such as lighting diyas, using flowers, or enjoying a community feast. Indoor air purification devices that are helpfulThere are several effective indoor air purification techniques and devices that can significantly improve air quality, especially during periods of high pollution, according to Anusha. “While there are many kinds of indoor purification techniques, the most common and effective method is a HEPA filter. Although it can be quite expensive to replace the filter, HEPA filter purifies almost 99 per cent of the air. It removes most dust particles, dust mites, airborne viruses, moulds, and almost everything else. People who have allergies may need a HEPA filter for air purification.”The doctor goes on to share a few other options: “Activated charcoal is an inexpensive way to remove most volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and odours. Ultraviolet filters mainly remove bacteria, viruses, and mould. These are easy to maintain and have a longer lifespan, although they don’t remove other types of pollutants. A negative ion generator removes positive ions, particularly bacteria and viruses. When combined with a HEPA filter, it becomes the most effective air purification system.” When should one seek medical attention?Describing the most common symptom to keep an eye out for during Diwali, Anusha says, “The most common sign is an increase in cough or the persistence of a new cough in a healthy person. One may start feeling chest tightness and difficulty breathing. Phlegm or mucus production may also begin as the cough becomes persistent.”There are multiple other indicators that one can also keep in mind, she explains. “Fingertips, nails, and lip skin tone can become bluish in colour. In cases of excessive oxygen deprivation, there may be chest retractions, nasal flaring, visible muscle use in your neck, as well as an increase in respiratory rate. When these signs are observed along with a decrease in the saturation levels recorded in a pulse oximeter, it definitely warrants a visit to your healthcare provider.”
30 October,2024 11:34 AM IST | Mumbai | Maitrai AgarwalEven as India aims to end tuberculosis (TB) by 2025, five years ahead of the global target, a report published by the World Health Organization (WHO) on Tuesday showed that the country accounts for 26 per cent -- the highest -- global TB burden. The Global Tuberculosis Report 2024 showed that India is the highest among the 30 high-burden countries -- Indonesia (10 per cent), China (6.8 per cent), the Philippines (6.8 per cent) and Pakistan (6.3 per cent) -- which together accounted for 56 per cent of the global TB burden. Globally, TB again emerged as the leading infectious disease killer in 2023, surpassing Covid-19. It showed that about 8.2 million people were newly diagnosed with TB in 2023 -- the highest number recorded since WHO began global TB monitoring in 1995. This also represents a notable increase from 7.5 million reported in 2022. The top infectious disease was found to be most common among men (55 per cent). Women accounted for more than 30 per cent, while 12 per cent were children and young adolescents. “The fact that TB still kills and sickens so many people is an outrage, when we have the tools to prevent it, detect it and treat it,” said Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, WHO Director-General, in the report. He called on countries to “make good on the concrete commitments they have made to expand the use of those tools, and to end TB”. Importantly, the report highlighted five major risk factors that are driving new TB cases. These include undernutrition, HIV infection, alcohol use disorders, smoking (especially among men), and diabetes. “Tackling these issues, along with critical determinants like poverty and GDP per capita, requires coordinated multisectoral action,” said the report, while calling for increased funding for TB research. Meanwhile, the report noted a decline in the gap between the estimated number of new TB cases and those reported. It narrowed to about 2.7 million, down from Covid pandemic levels of around 4 million in 2020 and 2021. While the coverage of TB preventive treatment has been sustained for people living with HIV, multidrug-resistant TB remains a public health crisis. The report showed that treatment success rates for multidrug-resistant or rifampicin-resistant TB (MDR/RR-TB) have now reached 68 per cent. But, of the 400 000 people estimated to have developed MDR/RR-TB, only 44 per cent were diagnosed and treated in 2023, the report said. This story has been sourced from a third party syndicated feed, agencies. Mid-day accepts no responsibility or liability for its dependability, trustworthiness, reliability and data of the text. Mid-day management/mid-day.com reserves the sole right to alter, delete or remove (without notice) the content in its absolute discretion for any reason whatsoever.
30 October,2024 10:56 AM IST | New Delhi | IANSHormonal changes caused due to pregnancy, or the use of oral contraceptives, and the longer life expectancy are some of the reasons that explain the higher incidences of strokes among women than men, said experts on World Stroke Day on Tuesday. Stroke is a major cause of disability and death for all people worldwide. But, it is the third leading cause of death in women and kills more females than males, according to the American Stroke Association. Dr. Atul Prasad, Principal Director & HOD, Neurology, BLK - MAX Super Speciality Hospital, told IANS that longer life expectancy, hormonal factors that are influenced by pregnancy and childbirth, oral contraceptives, and menopause. Hypertension and heart diseases like atrial fibrillation, an irregular heart rhythm, together with pollution are other major risk factors. “Women with a history of migraine with aura have an increased risk for stroke, especially along with factors such as smoking or oral contraceptives. Another is preeclampsia -- a complication of pregnancy -- which doubles the risk of stroke after the fact but is rarely considered,” Dr. Sumit Singh, Chief-Neurology, Artemis Hospitals The experts noted that women also often have atypical or less-recognised stroke symptoms, such as fatigue, general weakness, confusion or disorientation, nausea, or vomiting, which contributes to late diagnosis and treatment. “Common symptoms such as slurred speech, sudden weakness, and facial drooping are established in both genders; however, the symptoms in women are more disguised in dizziness, fatigue, nausea, and even hiccups. Such uncommon symptoms often delay judgement or misdiagnosis and are critical in worsening the outcome,” Singh said. While the treatment and prevention of ischemic stroke are generally similar for men and women, post-stroke rehabilitation programmes for women need to be more gender specific. “Outcomes are worse, and depression and cognitive decline occur more frequently, with longer times to recover in women compared to men. Thus, stroke recovery must be approached more holistically with mental health support, social integration, and individualised physical rehabilitation,” the doctor said. The core strategies for preventing ischemic stroke -- controlling blood pressure, managing cholesterol, avoiding smoking, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle -- are the same for both men and women. However, Prasad stressed the need for women to regularly monitor for stroke risk if they are taking birth control pills, or undergoing Hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Women with a history of preeclampsia also need long-term follow-up. Also Read: World Stroke Day: Why young adults face a higher risk of stroke from lifestyle choices This story has been sourced from a third party syndicated feed, agencies. Mid-day accepts no responsibility or liability for its dependability, trustworthiness, reliability and data of the text. Mid-day management/mid-day.com reserves the sole right to alter, delete or remove (without notice) the content in its absolute discretion for any reason whatsoever
29 October,2024 03:25 PM IST | Mumbai | IANSIn groundbreaking research, a team of Australian researchers has identified the placenta's unexpected influence on maternal mental health. The finding may potentially revolutionise the understanding of pregnancy-related anxiety and depression and help develop a treatment for the conditions. Scientists at the Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland identified 13 distinct glucocorticoid receptor isoforms in the placenta, with one particular variant showing a surprising response to maternal stress. "We have discovered that the placenta has 13 different isoforms of the glucocorticoid receptor, with one isoform expressed in the presence of maternal stress, anxiety, and depression that activates an inflammatory response in the placenta in the presence of high cortisol concentrations," said Professor Vicki Clifton in a Genomic Press Interview published in Brain Medicine on Tuesday. The research challenges conventional understanding of stress responses during pregnancy. While most glucocorticoid receptors typically suppress inflammation, this newly identified variant appears to enhance it. This potentially explains the complex relationship between stress and inflammation in pregnant women. Professor Clifton's research has unveiled crucial differences between male and female foetuses, mediated through sex-specific placental functions. "Presently, we do not consider the sex of the foetus in obstetrics," she said. "I would like to see sex-specific medicine for pregnancy complications, for the care of preterm neonates, and for the care of newborns." The research suggests that maternal physiology can vary depending on the sex of the foetus. This opens up new possibilities for personalised interventions in pregnancy care. The insight could also be applied to how clinicians view pregnancy complications and neonatal care. The team now aims to find how placental inflammation might influence maternal brain function, potentially exacerbating anxiety and depression symptoms during pregnancy. The findings may revolutionise our approach to perinatal mental health care and lead to targeted interventions based on placental function. Also Read: ‘I was always exhausted’: Things about menopause that no one prepares you for This story has been sourced from a third party syndicated feed, agencies. Mid-day accepts no responsibility or liability for its dependability, trustworthiness, reliability and data of the text. Mid-day management/mid-day.com reserves the sole right to alter, delete or remove (without notice) the content in its absolute discretion for any reason whatsoever
29 October,2024 03:07 PM IST | Mumbai
As the vibrant festival of Diwali approaches, the air fills with excitement, anticipation, and the unmistakable sound of firecrackers. While these beautiful displays are a cherished tradition to many, they also contribute to noise pollution, impacting the well-being of individuals and communities around. Ahead of the festival of lights, mid-day.com spoke to health professionals, Dr Adip Shetty, ENT Surgeon, Lilavati Hospital and Dr Ravina Shetty, ENT, Zynova Shalby Hospital in Mumbai to learn more about it. As we celebrate this festival of lights, it is crucial to acknowledge the darker side of our joyous celebrations and explore strategies to mitigate noise pollution's impact. These doctors not only share the causes but also the effects and tips to deal with it. What symptoms individuals might experience due to exposure to noise pollution? Adip: Permanent or temporary hearing loss, headaches, palpitations, ear pain, confusion, irritability, insomnia, and high blood pressure are some of the common symptoms of noise pollution that can impact one's well-being and interfere with the daily routine. Ravina: Noise pollution can cause more harm than you may think. It not only affects your hearing but your mental well-being too. One can experience a range of symptoms. This includes symptoms like extreme headache, anxiety, stress, tinnitus (ringing in the ears), difficulty in sleeping, dramatic mood swings, unable to concentrate, high blood pressure, and hearing loss. The severity of these symptoms can vary from person to person. What are the short-term and long-term effects of noise pollution on health, specifically related to firecracker use? Adip: Short-term effects of noise pollution are headaches, ear pain, and irritability, and long-term effects are anxiety, stress, and hearing impairment that is hearing loss. It is imperative to consult an expert without any delay to initiate further treatment. Ravina: Crackers are mostly busted during the nighttime which can negatively affect one's sleeping pattern making it difficult to fall asleep. This can highly affect the next day making them irritable and stressed. The loud and sharp noise of these firecrackers can hamper their hearing resulting in various hearing-related problems. Over a long time, repeated exposure to loud noise can lead to chronic stress, mental health problems, high blood pressure, deteriorating ear health, and cardiovascular problems. Which age groups are most affected by noise pollution from firecrackers? Adip: The age group from 10-75 is impacted by noise pollution. Noise pollution doesn’t discriminate based on age and takes a toll on everyone. It is better to be at home sound and safe. Ravina: Noise pollution can affect anyone irrespective of their age. The loud and sharp noise from firecrackers can be overwhelming for everyone. However, people with sensitive hearing, particularly children and the elderly, can be highly affected by the noise pollution caused by firecrackers. Is there a gender difference in sensitivity to noise pollution effects from firecrackers? Adip: There is no link between gender and noise pollution impact. It is not gender- specific and anyone can experience problems due to noise pollution. Who are the most vulnerable population when it comes to noise pollution? Adip: However, infants, children, older people, and pregnant women will be vulnerable to noise pollution. Also, those with depression, panic attacks, or Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) can be sensitive to noise pollution. Even people known to have cardiac problems, stroke, and cancer should stay away from noise pollution due to firecrackers. Ravina: Various people are most vulnerable when it comes to noise pollution. Children or infants are more likely to get affected as their hearing aid is just developing and loud and sharp noise can be harmful to their ears. Similarly, elderly people should refrain from going to areas with increased noise pollution as they are more sensitive to noise with increasing age. What strategies can individuals adopt to avoid getting affected by noise pollution? Adip: One should be at home to stay away from noise pollution and keep the doors and windows closed. Make sure to use earplugs, and try to celebrate any event without firecrackers. Just like humans, even animals should be kept away from firecracker noise pollution. Restrict the time of using firecrackers. Ravina: If you are more sensitive towards any type of sharp or intense noise then you can try to avoid visiting areas with increased noise like gatherings or events where people are actively bursting firecrackers. These days people can even try using noise-cancelling earphones to protect their hearing and reduce the intensity of the noise. How should individuals manage symptoms after being diagnosed with noise-induced health issues? Adip: Firstly if you feel you have hearing loss post any noise exposure, the first thing is to do an audiogram and speech discrimination hearing tests. Use medication advised by the doctor, and use ear plugs or cotton to reduce the sound exposure. Some might require hearing aids if hearing loss cannot be reversed with medications. People should avoid excessive noise that is coming from firecrackers. Ensure to keep children away from loud noises. Ravina: If you start to experience symptoms like reduced hearing or problems in hearing then consider consulting a doctor for a detailed assessment. People often tend to take these symptoms lightly with the hope that they may get better over time. However, delayed doctor visits can only worsen your condition as well as the symptoms. Avoid taking these hearing problems lightly or try to treat them at home with DIY remedies. Your doctor may evaluate your condition and recommend an effective solution for a positive outcome. Exposure to loud sounds can result into sudden hearing loss which can be identified as ringing sensation in the ear and reduced perception of sound. These symptoms can be reversed significantly if prompt treatment is taken within 72 hours of onset. Share tips to help reduce the impact of noise pollution on mental health. Adip: Avoid activities that cause high levels of noise pollution, use noise-cancellation earphones, and create quiet spaces at home to escape that loud noise. Meditate or do yoga to de-stress, watch the TV with low volume, and speak softly with others. Avoid any events conducted on roads that involve firecrackers and loudspeakers. Ravina: Sudden loud noise from firecrackers can be disturbing to those suffering from mental health problems like anxiety, stress, and depression. During this time plugging your noise-cancelling headphones and reading a novel or book from your favourite author can be a smart choice. If loud and sharp noise tends to make you stressed and anxious then practising mindfulness can be helpful. Activities like yoga, meditation, or deep-breathing exercises can work effectively in calming you down amidst all the chaos. How can community awareness and policy changes reduce the effects of firecracker noise pollution? Adip: Raising awareness and educating people regarding the harmful effects of noise emitted from firecrackers and loudspeakers will help to stay healthy and hearty. It is better to encourage everyone to limit the use of firecrackers at a restricted time and place and limit exposure to noise pollution. Ravina: Noise pollution due to firecrackers is a serious concern that affects millions of people during the festive season. While firecracker busting can be a fun experience for some, it may also be an overwhelming experience for children, pregnant women, those suffering from mental health problems, trying to work, or even animals. People need to be educated about the harmful effects of bursting firecrackers which can contribute to air and noise pollution and littering. Stringent policies by the government about time restrictions for bursting firecrackers will be beneficial in controlling noise pollution. Also Read: Diwali 2024: Is a ban and other regulations on firecrackers effective in curbing air pollution?
29 October,2024 01:30 PM IST | Mumbai | Jyoti ShuklaAn abnormal body mass index (BMI) in children -- whether high or low -- can be associated with impaired lung function, according to research on Monday. About 10 per cent people suffer from poor lung function in childhood. They also cannot achieve maximal lung capacity in adulthood, increasing the risk of serious health problems such as cardiovascular disease, lung disease and diabetes. However, the study led by researchers from Karolinska Institutet in Sweden showed that if their BMI is normalised before they reach adulthood, the impairment can be offset. The team followed 3,200 children from birth to the age of 24. BMI -- the most common body measurement -- which takes account of weight, but not muscle and fat composition was measured about 4 times. The results published in The European Respiratory Journal showed that abnormal weight and height were the major risk factors associated with impaired lung function. Children with a persistently high BMI or an accelerated increasing BMI had impaired lung function as adults. It was primarily the result of restricted airflow in the lungs, a condition known as obstruction. However, in children “with an initially high BMI but a normalised BMI before puberty, lung function was not impaired in adulthood”, said principal investigator Erik Melen, professor of paediatrics at Karolinska Institutet. “This highlights how important it is to optimise children’s growth both early in life and during their early school years and adolescence.” A stable low BMI could also be linked to reduced lung function caused by inadequate lung growth. In these cases, BMI was not normalised throughout the study. The researchers also stressed the need to focus on introducing nutritional measures, rather than focusing only on being overweight. Also Read: Midday Explains | Weight-loss drugs, diet fads, viral trends: Are they worth it for weight management? Experts answer This story has been sourced from a third party syndicated feed, agencies. Mid-day accepts no responsibility or liability for its dependability, trustworthiness, reliability and data of the text. Mid-day management/mid-day.com reserves the sole right to alter, delete or remove (without notice) the content in its absolute discretion for any reason whatsoever
29 October,2024 01:13 PM IST | Mumbai | IANS
Every year, World Psoriasis Day is observed on October 29 around the world to raise awareness about skin disease and to support people living with it. The theme for 2024 is 'Family' to recognise the challenges faced by the person with psoriatic disease and the family. It is unfortunately because the stigma around the condition makes people who are dealing with it suffer from social isolation or looks that may not be in support of them. Firstly, what is psoriasis? Dr Parul Khot, consultant dermatologist, at Holy Family Hospital in Bandra explains, “Psoriasis is a multifactorial disease. The most important factor is the genetic predisposition, and 40 per cent of affected patients have a positive family history. Overproduction of skin cells and inflammation occur due to the imbalance of the immune system.” Additionally, the Mumbai-based expert further explains that in the majority of patients, triggers like stress psychologically affect them. One environmental contributing factor for this disease's causation involves bacterial, viral, and fungal infections. Other drugs that contribute to this disease are beta-blockers and antimalarial drugs. The minimal sunlight and humidity have also been regarded as a cold weather condition. As individuals with psoriasis are still seen differently by people who don't suffer from it, mid-day.com spoke to Dr. Rinky Kapoor, consultant dermatologist, cosmetic dermatologist and dermato-surgeon, The Esthetic Clinics, Mumbai, and Khot to shed light on the condition. They not only share the many causes but also highlight how it can affect the individual not only physically but also mentally. They also share how not only families but also friends and society can avoid isolating them. What are the causes of psoriasis? Kapoor: The exact cause of psoriasis is unknown though various factors such as cold and dry weather, certain medications, allergies and infections, alcohol, smoking, stress, and hormonal changes can aggravate this condition. Khot: The causes may also trigger psoriasis biologically and due to lifestyle. When the patient has an autoimmune condition such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, or Crohn's disease, the susceptibility to developing the condition is higher. Obesity and inflammation exacerbate the symptomatology of the disease; however, smoking and excessive alcohol consumption exacerbate the severity of symptomatology. What are the symptoms of psoriasis? Kapoor: The warning signs of psoriasis are itchy skin, cracked and dry skin, joint pain, patches on the skin, itchy skin, and nail changes that should be reported to the expert. Khot: Psoriasis consists of different manifestations and plagues 2-3 per cent of the world's population. Common manifestations include the following: Red, scaling inflammatory patches or plaques on the skin, typically on the elbows, knees, scalp, lower back, and buttocks. The lesions often lead to itching, stinging, or burning sensations. Tiny spots that bleed are observed as little dots when scratched (Auspitz's sign). Other signs include pitting, thickening, or separation of nails, joint pain or stiffness (psoriatic arthritis), and swelling of hands or feet. The symptoms of psoriasis vary from person to person and may be stimulated by stress, infection or medication. Milder forms present as small, localised lesions; the more serious form is extensive skin involvement, itching and discomfort. Initial warning signs include dryness, irritation or a burning sensation on the skin. Seeking medical help early on leads to proper diagnosis and tailored treatment that does much to improve the quality of life. Is there a particular age at which people start getting psoriasis? Is a particular age group more vulnerable? Kapoor: People of every age group are prone to psoriasis and no particular age group exists. However, those who have a family history, ones who smoke, drink alcohol, and are stressed can be at a greater risk of psoriasis. Khot: Psoriasis typically manifests between 15 and 30 years, peaking during young adulthood. The age-related curves show two separate peaks; these peaks occur early in the disease (15-30 years), when most patients are between 15 and 30 years of age. Peak incidence also seems to be seen during late-onset cases, occurring between 50 and 60 years of age. Usually, early-onset cases are associated with genetic predisposition, whereas most cases of late-onset plaque psoriasis result from environmental factors. Does psoriasis affect men more than women or vice versa? Kapoor: Psoriasis doesn’t discriminate between men and women. It affects both, equally. So, it is difficult to estimate the exact numbers. Khot: It equally occurs in the two genders but at a different prevalence rate. It has been found by researchers that, psoriasis has similarities in prevalence patterns with both men and women, but a difference exists in how it might emerge and affect or be severe and severe differently between the sexes. Men: The experiences are severe and commonly occur at younger ages; the common age of onset is approximately about 20 to 30 years old. There is also a greater tendency in patients towards the development of psoriatic arthritis. Scalp, face, and genital areas are the common sites to develop lesions. Women: Generally, women have a later onset (peak age 30–50 years), milder symptoms, and greater associations with hormonal fluctuations. Women are more susceptible to inverse psoriasis (flat, red lesions in the folds of the skin) and psychological symptoms. Causes of gender differences Hormonal effects: Menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause frequently cause symptoms. Genetics: Equal susceptibility, but it might take different forms. Lifestyle factors: Smoking, weight gain, and stress occur more commonly in men. Immune system variations: The gender difference in immune response influences the manifestation of diseases. Is it possible to treat psoriasis? If yes, what are the treatment options? Kapoor: The doctor will prescribe ointments, creams, and phototherapy are treatment options for psoriasis. One will also be recommended counselling to overcome depression and anxiety caused by this condition. Khot: Treatment for psoriasis focuses on multi-dimensional treatment by fighting physical, emotional, and lifestyle factors. Although a complete cure is not yet available, such treatments manage to control symptoms and improve quality of life with minimisation of complications in the process. Topical treatments include creams, ointments, and lotions that prevent inflammation and slow down the growth of skin cells. Another option used as treatment is known as light therapy, often ultraviolet B phototherapy and narrowband UVB, used to curb the condition and its symptoms effectively. Systemics include oral or injective drugs like methotrexate, cyclosporine, and biologics that have a likely anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive action. Such agents must be used along with lifestyle measures including stress management, exercises, healthy diet, and smoking cessation. Combination therapy includes the use of more than one form of therapy that can provide the best individual results based on the severity of the disease, medical history, lifestyle, and patient choice. A treatment plan designed according to the needs of the patient, careful follow-up, and proper education give a great impact on the management of the condition. What are the challenges that a person with psoriasis can suffer from and how do they deal with it? Kapoor: People with psoriasis will be unable to do his/her daily activities with ease due to symptoms such as itchy skin, cracked and dry skin, joint pain, and patches on the skin, he/she will be embarrassed, guilty, and may feel ashamed. He/she will avoid socialising and may also be ridiculed for their appearance. This condition can cause stress, anxiety, and depression. Khot: Psoriasis patients suffer several problems. Physically the painful rash and its itch and scalp manifestation may limit mobility and sleep. Psychologically, low self-esteem, anxiety, depression, and social withdrawal are huge problems. Socially, feelings of shame, embarrassment, relationship strain, and workplace discrimination add to difficulties. Comorbid conditions such as psoriatic arthritis, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic syndrome add to these problems. Strategies to cope with situations. Support networks – family, friends and groups – offer emotional consolation. Lifestyle changes such as well-balanced diets, exercise, stress management and smoking cessation reduce symptoms. Mindfulness, meditation and therapy stabilize one's emotions. Education enables one to care for oneself and to make intelligent decisions. Self-advocacy ensures that one's needs, boundaries, and accommodations are communicated. There is a need for expert support provided by dermatologists, therapists, and counsellors. Strengths-based stress responses and coping skills include setting goals and affirmations. Early intervention, holistic care, and individualised support significantly enhance quality of life. What are the effects of psoriasis on physical and mental health? Kapoor: People will have joint pain, psoriasis can increase the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lack of sleep. This condition can take a toll on one’s eyes causing redness and pain. Trauma, depression, anxiety, loneliness, agitation, irritation, suicidal thoughts, and low self-esteem are commonly seen in people. Khot: Psoriasis is a disease where individuals have to face many challenges. The physical factors include painful skin lesions, itchiness, scaling and cracking, which bring about impairments in mobility and sleep. On the psychological side, there is low self-esteem, anxiety, depression, and isolation. Worsening on a social basis includes stigma, embarrassment, strain in relationships, and workplace discrimination. Other comorbidities include psoriatic arthritis, cardiovascular diseases, and metabolic syndrome among others. Lifestyle modifications with balanced diet and exercise, stress management, smoking cessation, and emotional support gained from family, friends, and groups through support networks stand out as various coping ways. Changes in lifestyle, emotional comfort, mindfulness, meditation, and therapy help to level the emotions. Education is empowering for self-care and decision-making, and self-advocacy will see that all the needs, boundaries, and accommodations are communicated to those around them. Professional support by dermatologists, therapists and counselors is necessary. Resilience-based skills are strength-based and goal-oriented with use of affirmations. Early intervention with comprehensive care and personal support help dramatically improve the quality of life. How can people around those with psoriasis help them? Kapoor: It is the need of the hour to educate people about psoriasis and its side effects. There should be campaigns, initiatives, and drives conducted to spread awareness regarding psoriasis and dispel myths and taboos related to this skin condition. Khot: Supportive networks do enhance the care of patients with psoriasis. Family, friends, and caregivers are of great importance in educating themselves about the condition, encouraging one to comply with the prescribed treatment and lifestyle changes, and providing emotional and psychological support and empathy. Friends can assist in helping with performing daily tasks, managing stress, self-care, exercise, and diets. Accompanying a patient to attend appointments enhances communication, eliminating stigma, since it creates awareness about this aspect. This support environment enables patients with the disease to take proper care and enhances their disease management, which improves their quality of life. How can people in general be sensitised about psoriasis to make those with it comfortable? Khot: Psoriasis sensitises others towards creating comfort and acceptability. Awareness for others towards the physical, emotional, and societal impacts of the disease. Psoriasis is not a contagious disease. It breaks stigmas with education. It encourages empathy, understanding, and openness. Create welcoming workplaces, schools, and social circles. Use respectful language where derogatory terms are used. Encourage inclusion and accessibility. Accommodation needs to be made. Carry out awareness events through rallies, social media, and support groups. Equip healthcare professionals to give direction. Empathy and know-how have enabled the public to convey a sense of reassurance while avoiding feelings of isolation and embarrassment. Can people eat a certain kind of food to deal with psoriasis? If not, how can they manage their life around it? Kapoor: It is essential to accept the person the way he/she is. It is also important to not to judge someone by his/her appearance and make one comfortable as much as possible. Khot: Psoriasis can be managed through changes in dietary habits. Even if there is no such thing as a "psoriasis diet," the following foods are beneficial: Fatty fish and their products, rich in omega-3 fatty acids (salmon and sardines); Fruits and vegetables with high levels of antioxidants: berries, leafy greens; Whole grains; Yogurt with probiotics, turmeric and ginger for anti-inflammatory purposes These are to be avoided: Gluten for sensitive people Dairy for those with lactose intolerance, processed foods, Sugary beverages, and saturated and trans fats. Disclaimer: This information does not replace professional medical advice. Consult a qualified expert for personalised guidance. Also Read: Mumbai: 31-year-old man overcomes Psoriasis, achieves dream of getting married after effective treatment
29 October,2024 01:05 PM IST | Mumbai | Nascimento PintoAs Diwali or any other festival approaches, several people burst firecrackers as part of the celebration. However, this can have adverse effects on many. Noise pollution is a significant environmental concern that often goes unnoticed, yet it poses serious risks to human and animal health. As the use of firecrackers increases, so do the decibel levels, leading to several harmful effects. Sumaira Abdulali, an environmentalist and founder of the NGO Awaaz Foundation, highlights the detrimental effects of noise on animals. Stray animals, pets, and wildlife can experience fear and disorientation due to loud sounds, disrupting their natural behaviours and habitats. She notes, “The forest department until recently used firecrackers specifically for the purpose of frightening wild elephants who had strayed out of forests into returning. A recent study of hundreds of animals showed that all animals are affected and even caterpillars’ heartbeats speed up with loud noise.” "The Executive Director of the United Nations Environment Programme has also pointed out that noise pollution contributes to species loss," she adds. When asked about changes in noise pollution levels during festive season celebrations compared to previous years, Abdulali informs that after extensive testing by Awaaz and the Maharashtra Pollution Control Board, “The decibel level of the loudest firecrackers has reduced significantly. Nevertheless, they continue to be in a range which is unsafe for humans and noisy crackers are often used simultaneously in large numbers during various celebrations.” According to her, India ranks among the noisiest countries globally, with traffic, construction and various celebrations contributing to high noise levels. “Firecrackers are the source which has the loudest decibel levels. They are used during various types of celebrations including Diwali, New Year, victory celebrations of cricket matches and political results, birthdays etc. When firecrackers are burst, they elevate the already high noise levels and often cross limits permissible for human health,” she said. Health professionals Dr Adip Shetty, ENT Surgeon, Lilavati Hospital and Dr Ravina Shetty, ENT, Zynova Shalby Hospital from Mumbai discuss the range of adverse effects associated with noise pollution. These can include temporary irritability and headaches as well as long-term issues such as anxiety and hearing loss. Vulnerable groups such as children, the elderly, and individuals with pre-existing health conditions are particularly at risk. “Extreme headache, anxiety, stress, tinnitus (ringing in the ears), difficulty in sleeping, dramatic mood swings, unable to concentrate, high blood pressure, and hearing loss,” explains Dr Ravina on serious consequences of noise pollution. Dr Adip advises those experiencing hearing loss after exposure to loud noises to undergo an audiogram and speech discrimination tests. He also recommends to “use ear plugs or cotton to reduce the sound exposure.” According to a report compiled by Repository Living Sciences using data from 18 stations in Mumbai, the Air Quality Index (AQI) on Diwali day reduced by 17.86 per cent in 2023 as compared to 2022 but remained above the safe level. While the report shows a positive change, it is important to note that a majority of stations recorded AQI above 60, which presents a dire picture. Also read: Diwali 2024: Diwali 2024: Is a ban and other regulations on firecrackers effective in curbing air pollution?
29 October,2024 12:26 PM IST | Mumbai | Jyoti ShuklaPeople whose occupations require them to stand for long hours, like retail workers, hairdressers, or factory employees, are more susceptible to suffering strokes, according to experts on Monday, ahead of World Stroke Day. World Stroke Day is celebrated annually on October 29 to raise awareness about the condition to prevent and treat it fast. The number of people worldwide having a new stroke rose to 11.9 million in 2021 -- up by 70 per cent since 1990. Stroke-related deaths rose to 7.3 million -- up by 44 per cent since 1990. While stroke is now the third leading cause of death worldwide (after ischaemic heart disease and Covid-19), the condition is highly preventable and treatable). “Standing for extended periods can increase the risk of blood pooling in the legs, which slows circulation. This lack of efficient blood flow may lead to the formation of clots, raising the risk of stroke, particularly if these clots travel to the brain,” Dr Raghvendra Ramdasi, Consultant Neurosurgeon, Jaslok Hospital, Mumbai, told IANS. Ramdasi noted that over time, poor circulation can also contribute to hypertension -- another stroke risk factor. A recent study from Australia involving over 83,000 participants found that prolonged sitting or standing was linked to a higher risk of problems such as varicose veins and feeling dizzy or lightheaded. The study called for regular movements. It noted that standing for extended periods can cause blood to pool in the legs, which slows circulation and raises the possibility of blood clots. “An ischemic stroke could result from these clots dislodging and moving to the brain if there is a hole in the heart, where they would stop blood flow,” Dr. Vikram Huded, HOD and Director and Clinical Lead - Interventional Neurology at Narayana Group told IANS. The experts recommended people with existing heart disease, hypertension, or a family history of stroke be particularly careful and take frequent breaks to move around. This story has been sourced from a third party syndicated feed, agencies. Mid-day accepts no responsibility or liability for its dependability, trustworthiness, reliability and data of the text. Mid-day management/mid-day.com reserves the sole right to alter, delete or remove (without notice) the content in its absolute discretion for any reason whatsoever.
28 October,2024 04:38 PM IST | Mumbai | IANSADVERTISEMENT
