Contraception is often considered a priority during the early reproductive years, but many women overlook its importance after the age of 40. Fertility decreases with age, but pregnancy is still possible, and unplanned pregnancies can carry significant health risks for both mother and child. On World Contraception Day, Dr. Asha Dalal, Director, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sir H.N. Reliance Foundation Hospital, Mumbai, highlights why women should continue using contraception until they are certain they have reached menopause. Women can get pregnant even in their 40s While the increase in age is linked to decrease in fertility among women, the chances of pregnancy do not vanish entirely. “As women age, their fertility naturally declines due to the depletion of viable eggs and changes in hormonal balance. By the time a woman reaches her 40s, the chances of conceiving decrease significantly. However, the likelihood of pregnancy, though reduced, does not entirely vanish. Some women continue to ovulate until menopause, making pregnancy a possibility even in their late 40s,” clarifies Dr. Dalal. “The period leading up to menopause, known as perimenopause, is marked by irregular menstrual cycles and fluctuations in hormone levels, but ovulation may still occur sporadically. Since ovulation can be unpredictable, women may unknowingly be at risk of pregnancy, even if their periods have become irregular or less frequent,” she adds. Health risks of pregnancy after 40 While there have been several instances of women successfully navigating pregnancy after the age of 40, there are many health risks associated with it. Dr. Dalal states the following risks: Women over 40 are more likely to experience complications such as gestational diabetes, preeclampsia and hypertension. There is also a higher risk of chromosomal abnormalities in the baby, such as Down Syndrome. The rates of miscarriage and still birth are higher in older women, as are the chances of requiring a cesarean section due to complications during delivery. Additionally, she states, “Unplanned pregnancies at this age can be emotionally, physically and financially taxing, especially when health concerns are at the forefront.” When to stop contraception? Given the health risks associated with unplanned pregnancies, contraception methods should be used until menopause is confirmed. However, determining this can prove to be challenging. “Menopause is confirmed when a woman has gone 12 consecutive months without a menstrual period. However, during perimenopause, menstrual cycles can be erratic, and women may go several months without a period, only to menstruate again. This unpredictability makes it difficult to determine when ovulation has truly ceased,” explains Dr. Dalal. “One year without a period or in some cases, hormone tests may be used to assess whether a woman has entered menopause. These tests are not always definitive due to hormonal fluctuations during perimenopause,” she adds. Also Read: ‘I couldn’t even talk to my friends about it’: Why women in their 40s are now talking about Perimenopause Contraceptive options for women over 40 There are various contraceptive options that can be considered, keeping the age factor in mind. “If you are not having sex often, you may not want a daily hormonal pill or long-term contraceptive,” says Dr. Dalal. She reveals the following options: Non-hormonal methods like condoms, copper IUDs and sterilisation are viable choices for those concerned about hormone use. Hormonal methods, such as birth control pills, hormone-releasing IUDs or implants can also be considered, though they may not be suitable for women with certain health conditions, like a history of blood clots or breast cancer. Additionally, she mentions, “For some women, hormone-based contraception offers the additional benefit of managing perimenopausal symptoms, such as hot flashes, heavy periods and mood swings. However, the choice of contraception should always be personalised based on a woman’s overall health, lifestyle and reproductive goals.” Consulting a healthcare provider can help women choose the safest and most appropriate contraceptive method. Additionally, contraception should be a shared responsibility among men and women. Disclaimer: This information does not replace professional medical advice. Consult a qualified expert for personalised guidance.
18 October,2024 10:24 AM IST | Mumbai | mid-day online correspondent
For Priyanka (name changed), a Mumbai-based retired government employee, the period of her mid-40s was daunting. Apart from hot flashes, constant exhaustion and cranky mood, she also faced physical complications after menopause, a phase she reached at the age of 45. Coping with work, home and family became difficult. “Around menopause, there was a time when I had heavy bleeding, which lasted for the entire month. I had to get a D&C procedure done. During that time, I also got typhoid and malaria, which led to a massive weight loss,” she shares. The definition of menopause seems fairly simple – a phase when a woman’s menstrual cycle ends and she is no longer able to reproduce. However, this nine-letter word holds implications and complications that far exceed the scope of this definition. World Menopause Day is marked on October 18 every year to raise awareness about the condition and various support options available to help navigate the challenges, not limited to physical complications. Women also have to battle mental and emotional difficulties during this period. After 53-year-old Veena (name changed) reached menopause at the age of 48, she started experiencing things she didn’t before. “Since menopause, I start sweating easily which is often accompanied by a sense of unease and anxiousness. Additionally, I have frequent mood swings. I have also observed that after menopause, I get emotionally hurt even by little or insignificant things,” she reveals. Another often-ignored aspect of menopause is the effect it has on one’s intimate relationships and sex life. As the taboo around menopause slowly starts fading, and conversations start seeing the light of day, mid-day.com speaks to medical experts who highlight what people need to know about menopause and life after it. When does one reach menopause? “When one does not have periods consistently for 12 months, menopause is considered final,” informs Dr Nirmala Chandrashekar, Sr. Consultant Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gleneagles BGS Hospital, Bangalore. However, before reaching there, women may also start experiencing irregular periods. This phase is called perimenopause, which comes with its own set of challenges. Physical changes and complications during menopause As one reaches menopause, several physical changes might occur in the body. A major one is the reduction in skin elasticity, says Dr. Chandrashekhar. “As skin elasticity decreases, wrinkles start appearing,” she states. Menopause also has an impact on other organs of the body, which can either give birth to new health complications or worsen existing ones. Dr. Chandrashekhar informs: The ovaries and uterus atrophy after menopause. Reduced estrogen levels may also lead to vaginal dryness. Bones tend to weaken, which might cause susceptibility to fractures. The heart may also get affected, increasing the risk of coronary artery disease or cardiovascular complications. There are chances that vision might also get affected. Urinary infections and other problems are also common after menopause. Mental and emotional challenges after menopause While physical challenges are often talked about, most women are not prepared for the mental and emotional changes that accompany menopause. This phase can cause various neurological changes, according to Dr. Chandrashekhar. “This can cause various mental health issues and also lead to episodes of migraine,” she explains. She continues, “Anxiety episodes are common in women after menopause. They often experience hot flashes i.e., they start sweating profusely, which may be accompanied by panic or anxiety.” Relationship counsellor Ruchi Ruuh believes that menopause is a significant transition that can bring about complex mental and emotional challenges. “The decline of essential hormones leads to mood fluctuations, increased irritability and even heightened anxiety or depression,” she states. “Women may find themselves feeling overwhelmed by changes in their sense of identity and body. They may struggle with a sense of loss of fertility and youth that can create a negative outlook towards their own body. Additionally, cognitive changes such as memory retention or difficulty concentrating can be unsettling. Each woman’s experience is unique and while some may breeze through this phase, some may experience it more severely,” she adds. Intimacy and sex after menopause These physical and emotional challenges can also impact intimacy. Ruuh explains, “The reduction in estrogen can lead to vaginal dryness, thinning tissues and discomfort during sex, which can decrease sexual desire. Emotional intimacy can also be impacted—hormonal fluctuations may cause mood swings, emotional distancing or even a dip in self-esteem, making it harder to feel connected or confident around their partner.” Challenges in both physical and emotional intimacy can impact sex after menopause. According to Dr. Rajan Bhonsle, Hon Professor & HOD, Department of Sexual Medicine, KEM Hospital & G.S. Medical College, one’s sex life can change for the better or worse. “I have seen two things happening. One is that the sex life gets better due to many factors. There’s no fear of pregnancy anymore. By the time menopause occurs, couples are quite well-experienced in terms of each other’s preferences in sex. At this point, their children are also usually well-settled and living their own lives, so there are no privacy obstacles. So, I have seen many couples saying that this is the best time of their lives,” Dr. Bhonsle informs. He continues, “There are other people who believe that their sex life is over just because the woman has reached menopause. Women might also have self-esteem issues, feeling things like they don’t look as attractive anymore. The partner may also comment on her saying things like ‘I don’t get aroused by you anymore’ or ‘you’ve put on too much weight after menopause’. These are things that negatively impact the sex life.” Physical changes in the body may also cause complications in sex. Dr. Bhonsle explains, “Due to lack of oxygen, the vagina can start remaining dry. There’s also a thinning of the vaginal lining which makes it prone to abrasions and injuries, if there’s no proper lubrication. So, many people complain about pain while having sex, or remaining dry.” While physical issues can be treated with medications prescribed by qualified experts, psychological or relationship issues pose a risk to healthy sex life. How to navigate menopausal challenges Priyanka navigated this difficult phase of life by taking leaves from work, resting and focusing on her health. She also engaged in yoga and meditation which significantly helped her symptoms. Every woman’s journey with menopause is different, posing diverse challenges. However, experts suggest some important ways to navigate these. Dr. Chandrashekar believes regular health check-ups are significant. “Through regular scans, bone density can be tested and necessary steps can be taken to improve it such as calcium supplements. Additionally, check-ups are essential to rule out issues of the ovaries, uterus or risk of cervical cancer,” she says. Physical challenges while having sex can also be navigated with proper medical processes, as Dr. Bhonsle informs. “If the couple is passionate, has had a healthy relationship and sex life, physical issues can be navigated without affecting sex,” he states. To navigate intimacy, Ruuh suggests, “Instead of seeing physical and emotional changes as an end of intimacy, it can be an opportunity to rediscover new forms of closeness with cuddling and exploring non-penetrative forms of sex.” She suggests the following tips: Discuss the changes you're experiencing, both physically and emotionally, with your partner. Being open about discomfort or shifting desires can prevent feelings of rejection for both partners. If emotional distress or physical discomfort becomes overwhelming, seeking help from a therapist or healthcare provider can be a game-changer. Having a supportive group of friends can also make this phase less daunting by talking about the journey and experiences. Physical touch and closeness can evolve to include more massages, cuddling or intimate conversations rather than solely on sex. The use of sexual aids such as toys, lubricants, etc., can help couples enjoy moments of intimacy together. Prioritising your well-being through regular exercise, mindfulness and self-compassion can boost your mood and reduce anxiety. Instead of seeing menopause as an end, embrace it as an opportunity to redefine your relationship with yourself and your partner. Also Read: Why contraceptives are still essential after 40 until menopause is confirmed
18 October,2024 10:22 AM IST | Mumbai | Raaina JainMenopause is a natural process that women usually experience in their late 40’s. In menopause, women do not experience periods or menstrual cycles for more than 12-14 months. This hormonal shift causes a physical and psychological impact on a woman’s health and body. It is essential to make certain lifestyle modifications to improve heart health and overall well-being. Dr Nitin Gupte, Gynaecologist, Apollo Spectra Pune lists down important measures for menopausal women for a healthy life Engage in physical activities: Women are advised to engage in light physical activities to maintain their mobility throughout the day. This can be achieved by doing yoga, light cardio, swimming, cycling, or breathing exercises to keep your heart health in control. They can gradually start by going for morning walks, as morning walks not only refresh mood but also help maintain heart health during menopause. Exercising regularly can help lower your blood pressure and improve blood flow which in turn can keep various heart problems such as heart attacks at bay. Eat well-balanced meals: It is important to eat nutritious food while going through the transition of menopause. A well-balanced diet helps maintain your heart health and overall well-being. Fresh fruits and vegetables, proteins, and omega-3 fatty acids are vital for your heart. Nuts like walnuts, pistachios, and almonds are good sources of omega-3 fatty acids which help regulate irregular heartbeat and prevent the risk of stroke. Also Read: It's ‘that time’ of the month: Is India ready to have a menstrual leave policy? Follow a structured sleep schedule: Difficulty in maintaining a sleep schedule can increase your risk of heart-related issues like stroke or hypertension. Hence, get at least seven to eight hours of quality sleep. Fulfilling your body’s sleep requirement has great health benefits such as helping refresh your mood, maintaining a stronger immune system, clearer thinking, and lower risk of cardiovascular diseases. Manage stress: Menopause can cause psychological and physiological changes in the body which may increase your stress levels. Stress can have a serious impact on your heart and overall well-being. It is important to maintain and adopt stress-relieving techniques like deep breathing exercises, yoga, meditation, or engaging in hobbies that calm you. Managing stress helps prevent high blood pressure and strengthen your heart muscles. Maintain your weight: Focus on eating well-balanced meals, avoid binge eating, practice portion control, and eat at odd hours to avoid weight gain that is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease. Regular health check-ups: Regular health check-ups provide you with valuable insights necessary to monitor your overall health, especially your heart health. Consult doctors or experts to discuss any health-related concerns, symptoms, or unusual changes that occur during menopause. Regular check-ups and cardiac screening aid in the early detection of heart problems and ensure timely intervention. Also Read: Death by suicide after 1st period: Why menstruation education is importantDisclaimer: This information does not replace professional medical advice. Consult a qualified specialist or your physician for personalised guidance.
18 October,2024 10:19 AM IST | Mumbai | mid-day online correspondentMenopause is a condition experienced by women from the age 40 to 55 where their menstrual cycles stop for at least 12 months. In certain cases, if a menstrual cycle stops before the age of 45 then it can be classified as premature menopause. Almost 5 to 10 per cent of women in the world are prone to experience premature menopause. This can be caused due to various reasons such as genetics, certain lifestyle factors, and especially due to the correlation between cigarette smoking. According to the studies, women who smoke cigarettes are at higher risk of developing premature menopause than others and the lifespan of these women decreases over time with premature menopause. Dr Kiran Coelho, head of the obstetric and gynaecologist department, Lilavati Hospital shares key insights. Besides estrogen deficiency can cause long-term effects such as osteoporosis (thinning of the bones), chances of developing cardiovascular diseases like stroke and heart attack, experiencing stubborn joint pain, and risk of getting affected with cognitive disorders like dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease increases with premature menopause. The fertility rate decreases tremendously in women with premature menopause making it essential to plan pregnancy to avoid any further complications. In case of low fertility, it gets difficult to conceive. Which leaves no option other than choosing assisted reproductive technology like IVF and IUI. The symptoms experienced during menopause: Low estrogen formation in the ovariesHot flashesIrritationSudden weight gain mostly around the abdominal areaThinning of the hair and hair lossThe skin becomes sensitive and dryConstant mood swingsVaginal dryness which can discomfort and itchingBreast tenderness Sweating excessively during the nightIrregular periodsThe fertility rate decreases even before the preterm menopause. How does cigarette smoking cause premature menopause? It is crucial to understand that the toxins released during smoking are toxic and can be adversely harmful to the ovaries. These toxins eventually decrease the number of eggs available and interfere with the hormones that help regulate the reproductive system. As a result, women who smoke often experience menopause earlier than those who do not. The risk of developing premature menopause increases depending on certain factors like how early a woman starts smoking, how many cigarettes she smokes per day, and for how long she has been smoking. The more and longer a woman chooses to smoke, the higher the risk. However, the good news is if the woman quits smoking early, she can reduce and even reverse the harmful effects on ovaries, which results in experiencing menopause at a typical age like 45 rather than prematurely. Disclaimer: This information does not replace professional medical advice. Consult a qualified specialist or your physician for personalised guidance.
18 October,2024 10:17 AM IST | Mumbai | mid-day online correspondentIn a medical achievement, a 42-year-old homemaker from Mumbai, underwent a successful weight loss surgery at a city hospital, subsequently leading to the resolution of other health issues including asthma, obstructive sleep apnea and diabetes. Nafisa Khan (name changed) lost over 40 kg in six months, bringing her weight down from 130 kg to 90 kg. She had struggled with her weight for years, especially after her pregnancies. Despite numerous attempts at various diets, she consistently regained any weight she lost. The patient developed high blood pressure in her twenties, and five years ago, she was diagnosed with diabetes. By the age of 38, her worsening health had led to heart disease. By the time she crossed 125 kg weight, lying down flat became impossible; she had to sit up all night to catch her breath and even walking short distances left her breathless. Simple activities like breathing, walking and staying awake turned into daunting challenges, which prompted her to seek urgent medical intervention. Dr. Aparna Govil Bhasker, a bariatric and laparoscopic surgeon at Saifee, Namaha, and Apollo hospitals, who performed the surgery, stated, “When Nafisa came to us, she weighed 130 kg with a BMI of 63.8 kg/m². She was suffering from severe obstructive sleep apnea along with various other health issues. During our consultation, she actually dozed off, which alerted us to the dangerously high levels of carbon dioxide in her blood. (In individuals with obesity, excess weight can lead to the accumulation of fatty tissue around the neck and throat, which increases the likelihood of airway obstruction during sleep. This obstruction causes repeated pauses in breathing, leading to fragmented sleep and reduced oxygen levels in the blood.)” She further informed, “She could barely walk, as even taking two or three steps left her extremely breathless. In addition to obesity and obstructive sleep apnea, she was also dealing with diabetes, high blood pressure and heart disease. Four years prior, she had experienced kidney-related complications as well. Obesity had wreaked havoc on her body and severely impacted her health. Left untreated, her condition could have been life-threatening and what struck me the most was that she was just 42 years old; she had a long life ahead of her.” The surgery was performed after all necessary investigations, and she was medically optimised with the support of various specialists, including an endocrinologist and a cardiologist. Nutritionist Shamika Girkar implemented a low-calorie, high-protein diet for approximately three weeks, which helped Nafisa lose 6 to 8 kg before surgery and improved her metabolic parameters. Nafisa then underwent gastric bypass surgery, which is a minimally invasive procedure conducted through small incisions in the abdomen. Performed under general anaesthesia, the surgery typically lasts between 60 to 120 minutes. Patients are encouraged to start walking within 4 to 6 hours post-surgery and can be discharged from the hospital within 36 to 48 hours. “My life became limited to my home as my weight increased. I struggled to stand or walk without assistance, and for four years, I suffered from sleep apnea and asthma, which left me wheezing and coughing. This had a profound impact on my overall quality of life. Finding clothes that fit was a constant challenge, and I often spent my days lying in bed. As a result, I felt frustrated, anxious, stressed, isolated, ashamed, guilty and embarrassed. There were times when catching my breath felt impossible. Thankfully, I sought help. Now, at 90 kg, I'm feeling much better and am dedicated to continuing my weight loss journey with a proper diet and exercise plan as advised by Dr. Bhasker,” said Nafisa. Bariatric surgery typically results in a total body weight loss of about 30 to 40 per cent and is recognised as one of the most effective methods for weight loss in patients with clinically severe obesity. Dr. Bhasker noted, “Obesity and bariatric surgery are often surrounded by stigma, with many perceiving it as a shortcut. However, that couldn’t be further from the truth. In cases like this, bariatric surgery can truly be life-saving. It’s important to recognise that the journey toward better health starts with bariatric surgery; it is merely the first step. Patients need to have regular follow-ups, maintain consistent nutrient supplementation, and adhere to a healthy diet and lifestyle.” Also Read: Mumbai: 58-year-old Army man with ankle pain successfully undergoes ankle arthroscopy for damaged cartilage
17 October,2024 10:14 PM IST | Mumbai | mid-day online correspondentCelebrity nutritionist Rujuta Diwekar on Thursday revealed key areas that she expects to be addressed in the upcoming Maharashtra assembly election 2024. These include common health and food-related issues. Taking to her X account, she wrote, “As a voter, I would like polls to be about: clean air (not smog guns), mass transportation (not cars), footpaths for walking, breakfast in anganwadi (along with midday meal), subsidies for native crops, better work conditions for sanitation workers.” As a voter i would like polls to be about - clean air (not smog guns)- mass transportation (not cars)- footpaths for walking - breakfast in anganwadi (along with midday meal)- subsidies for native crops - better work conditions for sanitation workers#Maharashtra #Mumbai — Rujuta Diwekar (@RujutaDiwekar) October 17, 2024 This demand for clean air comes at a time when Mumbai’s air quality is undergoing a dip. The AQI is further expected to go down during Diwali. Earlier this month, Diwekar had taken to X to highlight the harms of poor air quality. “Eat as clean as you want, exercise as hard as you can, maintain a good sleep hygiene but bear in mind that poor air quality will kill us all,” she wrote. Eat as clean as you want, exercise as hard as you can, maintain a good sleep hygiene but bear in mind that poor air quality will kill us all. #mumbai #AirQuality pic.twitter.com/40V4bTN5t7 — Rujuta Diwekar (@RujutaDiwekar) October 2, 2024 The Mumbai-based nutritionist is often vocal on her social media, sharing her opinions on important issues and matters of day-to-day life. About Rujuta Diwekar Rujuta Diwekar is a Mumbai-based nutritionist, fitness and wellness expert, and author. She has worked with celebrities like Kareena Kapoor, Karisma Kapoor, Alia Bhatt, Varun Dhawan, Anupam Kher and Richa Chadda. She has authored several books on eating right and busting food myths. Also Read: Celebrity nutritionist Rujuta Diwekar reveals dietary tips for 360-degree fitness goals About Maharashtra Assembly Election 2024 The Maharashtra Assembly election 2024 will be held in a single phase and voting will take place on November 20, while the counting will be held three days later and the results will be announced on November 23. The term of Maharashtra Assembly's will end on November 26. The key contenders in the Maharashtra Assembly elections 2024 are the ruling Mahayuti Alliance comprising the BJP, CM Eknath Shinde-led Shiv Sena, and the Ajit Pawar-led NCP and the opposition Maha Vikas Aghadi (MVA) coalition which includes the Uddhav Thackeray-led Shiv Sena (UBT), Sharad Pawar-led NCP (SP) and The Congress.
17 October,2024 09:34 PM IST | Mumbai | mid-day online correspondentSpending more time standing rather than sitting does not improve cardiovascular health and is linked to a higher risk of circulatory issues, Australian researchers have found. In a study published on Thursday, researchers from the University of Sydney analysed data from research-grade wrist devices that were worn by 83,013 adults in Britain and found that there were no health benefits to standing more compared to sitting. They found that, over the long term, standing more did not reduce a person's chances of suffering a cardiovascular health incidence -- such as heart failure, coronary heart disease and stroke -- and could increase the risk of circulatory issues related to standing such as varicose veins and deep vein thrombosis. However, the research found that sitting for over 10 hours a day increased the risk of cardiovascular disease and circulatory disease incidence, Xinhua news agency reported. "The key takeaway is that standing for too long will not offset an otherwise sedentary lifestyle and could be risky for some people in terms of circulatory health. We found that standing more does not improve cardiovascular health over the long term and increases the risk of circulatory issues," said Matthew Ahmadi, lead author of the study from the Faculty of Medicine and Health at the University of Sydney. The researchers recommended that people who were regularly seated or standing for long periods schedule regular movement throughout the day. Previous research published by Ahmadi and his co-author, Emmanuel Stamatakis, in July, found that six minutes of vigorous exercise or 30 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous exercise per day could help lower the risk of heart disease even in people who were highly sedentary for over 11 hours per day. This story has been sourced from a third party syndicated feed, agencies. Mid-day accepts no responsibility or liability for its dependability, trustworthiness, reliability and data of the text. Mid-day management/mid-day.com reserves the sole right to alter, delete or remove (without notice) the content in its absolute discretion for any reason whatsoever.
17 October,2024 06:45 PM IST | Sydney | IANSIn a medical relief, a Mumbai army man has successfully undergone ankle arthroscopy for a damaged cartilage at a city hospital. A team led by Dr. Saikat Jena conducted a two-hour-long ankle arthroscopy on a 58-year-old retired army man from Mumbai to address his pain while avoiding ankle replacement surgery. Kallappa Dhule, a resident of Mumbai had pain in his ankle while walking for a year. He consulted many other doctors who tried conservative treatments with medications and exercises but there was no relief. The pain deteriorated further and he was unable to walk. Finally, he approached Wockhardt Hospitals in Mira Road for a second opinion. Dr Saikat Jena, consultant, orthopaedic surgeon, Wockhardt Hospitals Mira Road said, “On arrival three months ago, the patient was in severe pain and was unable to walk. After a detailed clinical examination, the patient was sent for X-rays which showed some abnormalities in the ankle joint. MRI scan of the ankle joint was done next, which showed loss of cartilage over the Talus bone which forms the ankle joint and it was causing the pain. These are known as Osteochondral defects which can lead to joint damage and pain. The cartilage of the joint gets damaged spontaneously in a lot of patients in the knee due to no specific reason. He adds, "However, it is believed to get damaged due to the hampered blood supply and steroid use which makes it difficult to pinpoint one causative agent. This damage can also be seen in other joints such as the Talus bone, which is the ankle joint. The symptom that one will experience is pain while walking. Normally, cartilage is smooth, but under pressure, it can cause immense ankle pain. In this patient, damage to the bone beneath the cartilage led to joint surface damage when Arthritis occurred. That is why there is bone-to-bone grating due to friction. The lesion was largely affecting the entire medial half of the Talus. If action is not taken at the right time, the joint will be completely damaged and the patient will require an ankle replacement (which in itself is a complex and fairly uncommon surgery). Ankle replacement is not a common procedure in the country, as of now. Knee and shoulder Arthroscopy is done in many patients. Ankle Arthroscopy is a minimally invasive surgery to treat a damaged ankle and is not performed that widely in India as compared to knee and shoulder Arthroscopy. “ Dr Jena added, “Although Knee and Shoulder Arthroscopy are common surgeries today, Ankle Arthroscopy is uncommonly performed, despite being used to treat conditions like ligament injuries, bone impingement, and cartilage damage. The frequency of the surgery has increased over recent years due to its minimally invasive nature, shorter recovery times, and advancements in arthroscopic technology. An Arthroscopy (keyhole surgery) allows the surgeon to view inside your ankle using a camera inserted through small cuts on your skin. After detecting the cartilage damage, the unstable part was identified, the lesion was opened and we took grafts from the patient’s own body which is an Osteochondral graft (a tissue that replaces damaged cartilage and underlying bone in a joint) from the knee. Now, the cartilage is been taken from the patient’s knee. Later, the damaged bone was removed with special instruments, and then the harvested ones from the knee. The uneventful procedure lasted for two hours. The patient was discharged on the second post-operation day. Kallappa was advised non-weight-bearing ambulation with walker support for a month. Exercises and rehabilitation were also done. This is how his joint was preserved, avoiding the need for replacement. Now the patient is pain-free and walking without any support. “I found it difficult to take even a few steps because of severe pain in my ankle. Completing my everyday tasks became quite a struggle. I had to rely on my family for assistance, which I wasn't comfortable with. As an army officer, we are trained to be independent and resilient in the face of challenges. Thanks to the prompt care provided by Dr. Saikat Jena and his team, I am now able to walk without restriction,” concluded Mr Kallappa Dhule patient.
17 October,2024 04:25 PM IST | Mumbai | mid-day online correspondentIn a first, scientists at the Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Mohali, an autonomous institute of the Department of Science and Technology (DST) have developed a unique way through the nose to deliver tuberculosis (TB) medicines directly to the brain. TB that affects the brain is called Central Nervous System Tuberculosis (CNS-TB) and is one of the most dangerous forms of TB, often leading to severe complications or death. The novel nose-to-brain (N2B) drug delivery utilises the olfactory and trigeminal nerve pathways in the nasal cavity and effectively bypasses the challenging blood-brain barrier (BBB). While traditional treatments involve high doses of oral anti-TB drugs, they often fail to achieve effective concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid as the BBB limits the medicines from entering the brain. To counter this, the INST team used nanoparticles made of a natural material called chitosan, which bypassed the BBB and delivered TB medicines directly to the brain via the nose. Chitosan is a biocompatible and biodegradable material. The chitosan nano-aggregates could hold TB drugs like isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RIF). Importantly, chitosan -- known for its mucoadhesive properties -- sticks to the nasal mucosa, which helps the nano-aggregates stay in place and prolongs the time they can release the drug, enhancing its therapeutic effectiveness. “In mice infected with TB, the nasal delivery of these nano-aggregates reduced the number of bacteria in the brain by nearly 1,000 times more than in untreated mice,” said the team in the paper, published in the journal Nanoscale (Royal Society of Chemistry). The new treatment method also helps reduce the inflammation caused by the infection, an advance that has the potential to greatly improve treatment for people suffering from brain TB and could help in faster recovery. According to scientists, the novel method could be applied to treat other brain infections, neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s, brain tumours, and epilepsy by enabling efficient drug delivery to the brain.
17 October,2024 03:59 PM IST | New Delhi | IANS
Every year, October 16 is marked as World Spine Day around the world to raise awareness about spinal health and its importance in daily life. It was initiated by the World Federation of Chiropractic (WFC) in 2008. In today’s fast-paced world, many of us find ourselves glued to a desk for hours. While the convenience of office work has its perks, the toll it takes on our spinal health can be significant. Many office workers spend hours in front of a computer, often in unsuitable positions that can cause discomfort and pain. Over time, these habits can lead to structural changes in the spine, making it increasingly difficult to maintain a healthy posture, say experts. One's spine may sustain harm due to carelessness or due to failure to keep good posture. The backbone can also be harmed by spinal cord disorders and back traumas. Recognising the growing concerns about long working hours and their possible effects on spin health, mid-day.com reached out to health experts and interior designers to shed light on how sitting at our desks working can affect our spines. Dr Mazda K. Turel, brain & spine surgeon at Wockhardt Hospitals in Mumbai Central, and Dr Girish L. Bhalerao, super specialty consultant orthopaedic surgeon, Wockhardt Hospital in Mira Road, also offer practical tips to maintain spinal health. What causes spine problems for people who work full-time office jobs? Turel: Spine issues in full-time office workers are typically caused by prolonged sitting, poor posture, and repetitive strain. Sitting for long periods compresses the discs in the spine, causing them to lose flexibility over time. Inadequate ergonomic setups—such as poorly adjusted chairs, desks, or screens—further contribute to these problems by promoting slouching or awkward postures. Bhalerao: The extreme work culture where one needs to sit in one place for extended periods without taking enough breaks can negatively affect the spine and back. Over time, this can significantly strain the muscles and ligaments of the back and neck. Lack of a proper workplace like chairs that do not thoroughly support your back and neck while working can increase the risk of spine problems. What are the early signs of spine problems? Turel: Common early signs include: Back or neck pain (especially when sitting) Stiffness or decreased range of motion Numbness or tingling in the arms or legs Headaches, especially in the back of the head Muscle weakness or fatigue Bhalerao: Individuals may experience a range of symptoms that may be an early indication of spine-related problems. The symptoms can include sharp back pain, weakness in the limb, major changes in reflexes, loss of sensation, unevenness in the hip or shoulder, problems maintaining balance, neck pain, stiffness, and unintended weight loss. What consequences does poor posture have in the long run? Turel: Over time, poor posture can lead to chronic conditions like degenerative disc disease, herniated discs, or spinal stenosis. It may also cause musculoskeletal imbalances, leading to persistent pain, reduced mobility, and even nerve compression, which can cause more severe neurological symptoms. Bhalerao: Poor posture does more harm to your spine than you may think. Habits like slouching or back hunch can lead to chronic back pain. The unbearable back pain makes it difficult to perform daily activities like sitting for a longer duration. Other than that, it can also contribute to several long-term issues like chronic neck and shoulder pain, increased risk of spinal injuries, spinal misalignment, nerve compression, joint degeneration, muscle imbalances, reduced flexibility, and poor blood circulation. Which age group suffers the most? Turel: People between 30 and 50 years of age tend to experience the most spine issues. This group often combines long hours at desk jobs with declining physical activity, and age-related wear and tear begins to manifest in the spine. Bhalerao: Various factors are to be blamed for increased spinal problems. This is mostly due to a sedentary lifestyle, poor food choices, poor posture, certain medical conditions, and overuse of the spine. Do spinal issues impact people differently depending on their gender? Turel: Spinal problems can affect both men and women, but some differences do exist. Women, especially during pregnancy or menopause, may face increased risk due to hormonal changes that affect bone density and joint stability. Men, on the other hand, maybe more prone to lumbar disc herniation, often due to heavier lifting or more physically demanding tasks. Who is the most vulnerable to spine problems? Turel: These are the most vulnerable categories: Individuals who sit for long periods without breaks People who are physically inactive or have weak core muscles Those with poor posture or improper workstation ergonomics Older individuals who may suffer from age-related spinal degeneration Bhalerao: People with certain health conditions, physical inactivity, those with sedentary lifestyles such as office workers or students, poor posture, the elderly, obesity, and athletes who indulge in high-impact sports are more vulnerable to spine-related problems that can become life-threatening in later life if neglected. Also Read: World Arthritis Day 2024: Why more young people are developing arthritis What are the different types of spine diseases that affect people? Turel: These are the different conditions that can affect people: Herniated disc: A bulging or ruptured disc presses on a nerve, causing pain and sometimes numbness. Degenerative disc disease: The discs between vertebrae lose hydration and flexibility, leading to pain. Spinal stenosis: Narrowing of the spinal canal, compressing nerves. Scoliosis: Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine. Osteoarthritis: Wear and tear of cartilage in the spine joints. Bhalerao: Several types of spine diseases can affect a range of people. This can include spine diseases like herniated discs, scoliosis, spinal stenosis, osteoporosis, degenerative disc, spinal infections, spondylolisthesis, ankylosing spondylitis, spina bifida, sciatic, ca, and spinal tumors. Do you have any suggestions for the best furniture to use in a workspace? Turel: Here are some options: Ergonomic chair: Adjustable in height with lumbar support to maintain the natural curve of the spine. Standing desk: Alternating between sitting and standing can reduce pressure on the spine, Footrest: To relieve pressure on the lower back. Monitor at eye level: This prevents strain on the neck and shoulders. Supportive keyboard and mouse placement: This should be close enough to avoid leaning forward. How can people prevent spine issues? Turel: People can follow these steps to prevent spine issues: Maintain good posture: Sit with your back straight, shoulders relaxed, and feet flat on the floor. Take frequent breaks: Stand, stretch, or walk around every 30 minutes. Strengthen core muscles: Strong core muscles support your spine. Invest in ergonomic furniture: A proper chair and desk setup will make a significant difference. Stay active: Regular exercise, including low-impact activities like walking or swimming, can prevent stiffness. Bhalerao: If you want to prevent spine problems then it becomes essential to take utmost care of your back. One of the common mistakes that can hamper your back health is poor posture. So, make sure that you are sitting in the correct posture while avoiding slouching or hunching. Strictly avoid lifting heavy things or boxes with improper technique as it can easily strain your back. Take frequent short breaks between working hours to avoid spinal problems. Eating a well-balanced diet that contains essential nutrients like vitamins, minerals, lean protein, fiber, zinc, and iron can be helpful to keep your spine healthy. If you are someone who does not complete their daily intake of fluids then you should immediately leave this habit of yours as it can further lead to dehydration. Drinking enough water or fluid can help keep you hydrated while restoring the volume of your intervertebral discs. Engaging in physical activities or exercises for more than 45 minutes a day can be beneficial for your spine health. Focus on strengthening your core muscles to prevent spine issues in later life.
17 October,2024 11:15 AM IST | Mumbai | Joy ManikumarChildhood immunisations and low-cost prevention and treatments combined with new health technologies may help reduce premature deaths by 50 per cent, according to a new study published by The Lancet Commission on Tuesday. The report laid out a roadmap for every nation that chooses to do so to cut the chance of premature death for its citizens in half by 2050. “The goal of “50 by 50,” is achievable”, argues the report. If every country achieves the goal, then, a person born in 2050 would have only a 15 percent chance of dying before age 70, down from 31 per cent for someone born in 2019. It suggested measures such as “expanding childhood immunisations and low-cost prevention and treatments for common causes of preventable death, combined with scaling up financing to develop new health technologies”. Since 1970, about 37 countries have cut the probability of their citizens dying before they reach age 70 in half -- a milestone that signals the remarkable progress many countries have made in preventing and treating disease. “Today, the case is better than ever for mortality reduction,” said Gavin Yamey, director of the Duke University Center for Policy Impact in Global Health (CPIGH), who led the writing of the commission report. “It’s a prize within reach. It will have extraordinary health, welfare, and economic benefits. Reaching ‘50 by 50’ would reduce mortality and morbidity, help grow economies, and alleviate poverty,” Yamey added. The report urged countries to prioritise the 15 health conditions that cause most premature deaths -- including tuberculosis and respiratory infections, diabetes and cardiovascular disease, and other issues such as accidents and suicide. The researchers said that significant gains can be made in public health by "subsidising the costs of essential medicines, diagnostics, vaccines, and that address these 15 conditions. The report also called for increased taxation on tobacco products, unhealthy foods and drinks, and fossil fuels, which the researchers said would both reduce illness and death attributable to those products and raise revenue that can be reinvested in health systems. This story has been sourced from a third party syndicated feed, agencies. Mid-day accepts no responsibility or liability for its dependability, trustworthiness, reliability and data of the text. Mid-day management/mid-day.com reserves the sole right to alter, delete or remove (without notice) the content in its absolute discretion for any reason whatsoever.
16 October,2024 02:12 PM IST | New Delhi | IANSADVERTISEMENT
