One of the major contributors to Yamuna's pollution is the discharge of untreated sewage. Delhi's sewage system is overburdened, and a significant amount of untreated sewage flows into the river, leading to high levels of contamination and a decline in water quality.

Industries located along the Yamuna River, particularly in the National Capital Region, release untreated industrial waste and effluents into the river. These effluents contain toxic chemicals, heavy metals, and other pollutants, contributing to the deterioration of water quality.

Pesticides, fertilizers, and agricultural waste from agricultural fields in the Yamuna basin are washed into the river through runoff. The excessive use of these chemicals leads to the contamination of water.

Delhi Minister Gopal Rai, Delhi BJP chief Virendra Sachdeva, social activist KN Govindacharya participate in the ‘Yamuna Sansad’ initiative to save the Yamuna river from heavy pollution, in New Delhi, Sunday, June 4, 2023.

Improper waste management practices and the dumping of solid waste into the Yamuna River contribute to its pollution. Plastic waste, garbage, and debris obstruct the river's flow and degrade its water quality.