World Cancer Day 2024: Timely screening can help treat prostate cancer effectively

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There is a considerably low awareness regarding prostate cancer. Men must understand the causes, warning signs, diagnosis, treatment, and preventive measures to improve their quality of life. On World Cancer Day 2024 here are key facts to know about prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer originates in the gland cells of the prostate, a male-specific gland. It is a prevalent but often misunderstood disease that affects men. "Prostate cancer is mostly prevalent in America and Europe. However, in the last few years, the cases of prostate cancer have risen in Asia too. Changing lifestyles and diets are contributing to the rising incidence of prostate cancer. The patient comes to know about the symptoms of prostate cancer during advanced stages. To detect this cancer, people above 50 should visit the doctor once and get themselves screened," says Dr Hemant Pathak, Urologist, Lilavati Hospital.

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a blood test used primarily to screen for prostate cancer. PSA is a protein for the prostate gland. High levels of PSA in the blood may indicate prostate cancer.

PSA levels below four nanograms per millilitre (ng/mL) are a normal range. Anything higher than that may suggest cancerous cells in your prostate gland. Further diagnoses such as an MRI, sonography, and biopsy of the prostate can be recommended for a confirmed diagnosis of cancer. The treatment is based on the stage of diagnosis of cancer

Pathak further adds, "If the patient is 60, 70, or 75 years old and found to be fit, the entire prostate can be removed. The procedure for this is known as prostatectomy which can be done laparoscopically, minimally invasively, or via robotic surgery. 90 - 95 per cent of these patients can resume their normal routine with ease. If the patient is not found suitable for surgery then he can be given radiotherapy as treatment."

The cancer can also spread to the bones in some patients and new treatment modalities can be given like hormonal therapy, chemotherapy, and even radiation therapy to control the cancer. These treatments are effective in improving the lifespan of the patients. Prostate cancer can be prevented by lifestyle management by exercising daily, eating a nutritious diet, avoiding tobacco and alcohol, and maintaining an optimum weight.

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Dr Pawan Rhangadale, urologist, Apollo Spectra Pune says, "Prostate cancer is highly prevalent among men, but its early detection often leads to successful treatment. Regular screenings and check-ups, understanding your susceptibility to prostate cancer, and maintaining open communication with your doctor can facilitate early detection and treatment."

All men should commence prostate cancer screening once they reach 50 years old. However, for those who are more susceptible to prostate cancer such as those with family history or genetic predisposition like possessing the BRCA gene, screening should begin between ages 40 and 45.

By the time prostate cancer begins to exhibit symptoms, it's typically in an advanced stage and frequently incurable. Potential warning signs of this disease could be blood in urine or semen, urinary issues such as frequent urination or a slow/weak stream, urinary blockage, loss of control over bladder or bowel movements, erectile dysfunction, and pain in areas like the hips, back, ribs, leg or foot weakness or numbness, fatigue, and unexpected weight loss.

Prostate cancer often spreads to the bones, leading to pain, fractures, and reduced mobility. If you observe any of these signs, seek immediate medical attention from your doctor.

However, many symptoms related to the prostate or urinary system don't necessarily indicate prostate cancer, Therefore, it's crucial to rule out these issues promptly.

Disclaimer: This information does not replace professional medical advice. Consult a qualified specialist or your physician for personalised guidance.