All you need to know about varicose veins and its impact on health

Heeral Singhal, a 42-year-old data analyst from Mumbai, first noticed swollen and twisted veins on her legs. Initially dismissing them as trivial, she chose to ignore the symptoms, hoping they would disappear over time. However, as days turned into weeks, the discomfort and pain associated with the swollen veins became increasingly unbearable, interfering with her daily activities and work responsibilities.

Finally reaching a breaking point, Heeral sought medical assistance. After consulting with healthcare professionals, she was diagnosed with varicose veins. This revelation shed light on the underlying cause of her discomfort and prompted her to take action. This brings us to the question: What are varicose veins?

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"Varicose veins are often misunderstood condition that affects 40 to 50 percent of Indians. These enlarged, twisted veins can appear blue or purple and typically occur in the legs. While varicose veins are generally harmless, they have been found to cause discomfort or pain for some individuals," shares Dr Jaisom Chopra, vascular surgeon, Apollo Delhi.

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One misconception about varicose veins is that they only affect older adults. However, it's a known fact that they can develop at any age due to factors including genetics, pregnancy, obesity or prolonged periods of standing, Chopra tells Midday.

For some individuals, the visible appearance of varicose veins can lead to feelings of insecurity or embarrassment. However, it's important to note that treatment options are available for those seeking relief from symptoms or wishing to improve the cosmetic appearance of their veins. By understanding more about varicose veins and their causes, individuals can make informed decisions to manage this common condition effectively.

What are the symptoms of varicose veins?

Chopra: More than just a cosmetic concern; varicose veins can cause discomfort and pain. One common symptom is the appearance of bulging, twisted veins on the legs, which can be unsightly and embarrassing for many individuals.

These veins may also feel heavy or achy, especially after standing for long periods. Some people with varicose veins may experience swelling in their legs and ankles, a condition known as edema. This swelling can make it difficult to wear clothes or shoes comfortably and may be accompanied by a feeling of tightness in the affected area. In severe cases, varicose veins can lead to skin discoloration or ulcers that require medical attention.

Symptoms of varicose veins may include:

1. Visible, twisted, or bulging veins that are dark purple or blue
2. Swelling in the legs, ankles, or feet
3. Aching or heaviness in the legs, especially after standing or sitting for extended periods
4. Throbbing or cramping in the legs
5. Itching around the affected veins
6. Discomfort worsened by prolonged standing or sitting
7. Skin discolouration or ulcers near the ankles in severe cases.

How can this condition be diagnosed?

Chopra: The diagnosis of varicose veins typically begins with a physical examination conducted by a healthcare professional. During this examination, the healthcare provider may visually inspect the affected area, focusing on the legs and feet, where varicose veins commonly occur. By visually examining the veins, they can identify any visible signs of varicose veins, such as bulging, twisted veins that may be dark purple or blue in colour. Additionally, they may palpate the area, feeling for any abnormalities or areas of tenderness, which can help assess the severity of the condition.

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In addition to the physical examination, specialised tests such as ultrasound and Doppler ultrasound may be utilised to aid in the diagnosis of varicose veins. Ultrasound imaging allows healthcare professionals to visualise the veins beneath the skin and assess blood flow within the veins. Doppler ultrasound, a specific type of ultrasound, can accurately assess venous reflux, which occurs when the valves within the veins malfunction, leading to blood pooling and the development of varicose veins.

By combining visual inspection with imaging techniques such as ultrasound, the presence and severity of varicose veins can be accurately assessed, along with any underlying issues that may be contributing to the condition.

Treating varicose veins

Chopra: Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA) is a minimally invasive procedure that uses laser energy to seal off the affected vein. This technique has shown promising results in reducing pain and discomfort associated with varicose veins, offering patients a quicker recovery time and minimal scarring compared to traditional surgical methods.

RFA targets the underlying cause of varicose veins, providing long-term relief by closing off the vein and redirecting blood flow to healthier vessels. Sclerotherapy involves injecting a solution directly into the affected vein to make it collapse and eventually fade away. This procedure is suitable for smaller varicose veins or spider veins and can be performed in an outpatient setting with little to no downtime.

How can one prevent the occurrence of varicose veins?

Chopra: To prevent varicose veins, it is important to maintain a healthy weight through regular exercise and a balanced diet. Incorporating swimming or cycling can help improve blood circulation and reduce the risk of developing varicose veins. Practicing good posture and avoiding long periods of sitting or standing can also help prevent the development of these unsightly veins.

Elevate your legs regularly throughout the day, especially after long periods of sitting or standing to promote healthy blood flow and reduce pressure on the veins in your lower body. Wearing compression stockings can provide support to your veins and help prevent blood from pooling in the legs, reducing the risk of developing varicose veins over time.

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