Dadi-Nani-approved expert haircare guide: Say goodbye to itchy, dry scalp with time-tested home remedies

Tiny white flakes discouraging you from donning your favourite black, brown and blue tops? A dry scalp has become a common woe of every other person today. Factors like unhealthy diet, stress, dehydration and environmental pollution are the leading cause of this hair condition among people.

Don't let your dry scalp stand in the way of flaunting your tresses because we got your back! Mid-day online sat down with health experts who share a haircare guide to treat this irritating and embarrassing condition.

"The key to getting rid of a dry scalp is to be patient and persistent with your chosen remedies and scalp care practices to achieve the desired results," says Dr Sunil Tolat, consultant dermatologist, Jehangir Hospital.

In addition to this, Dr Yojana Pokarna, MD in Ayurveda, co-founder, Orijine Clinic stresses the importance of consumption and application of natural ingredients to treat dry scalp naturally.

Common causes of dry scalp
A dry scalp indicates dry skin. It occurs when the skin lacks sufficient sebum (a waxy substance made up of cholesterol, fatty acids, wax esters and glycerides) and natural oils that protect the scalp from bacteria and maintain proper moisture levels.

There are various factors that trigger the formation of a dry scalp which include:

1. Faulty lifestyles

2. Sudden changes in climate

3. Hormonal fluctuations during the menstrual cycle, menopause or postpartum

4. Reduction in estrogen levels causing reduced production of oils

5. Certain thyroid conditions

6. Overwashing your hair with harsh shampoos containing sulphates, sodium lauryl sulphate- SLS, parabens, alcohol and artificial fragrances

7. Washing hair with hot water

8. Medical conditions like eczema and psoriasis

9. Frequent hair styling treatments like blow drying, ironing, straightening, hair streaking

10. Exposing hair to harsh sunlight

According to Tolat, those having a dry scalp witness small white or grey flakes that resemble dandruff but are typically smaller and drier. Itching and irritation on the scalp are also common and scratching may worsen the condition. Some individuals may also experience redness and inflammation in the affected areas.

Dry scalp induces other hair-related concerns too
A dry scalp can invite other hair conditions that can cause more damage to hair health. Dandruff is the most common one. Tolat says, "The transition between the two conditions is not always straightforward and they can sometimes overlap due to shared symptoms."

If a dry scalp is not adequately moisturised and remains untreated, it may become more susceptible to the overgrowth of Malassezia, the yeast-like fungi responsible for dandruff. The lack of moisture on the scalp can lead to increased flaking and shedding of dead skin cells, creating an environment where the fungi can thrive. As a result, the condition can progress from a dry scalp to dandruff.

A dry scalp can also lead to split ends, hair breakage and frizzy hair. When the scalp lacks sufficient moisture and natural oils, the hair becomes dry, brittle and more susceptible to damage. As a result, split ends may develop and the hair shaft can easily break when subjected to stress during brushing, styling or other activities. Moreover, the disrupted moisture balance in the hair shaft can cause it to absorb moisture from the air, leading to frizzy and unmanageable hair.

Time taken to improve the condition
Although dry scalp can be stubborn, health experts assure that with the correct hair care practices and improved lifestyle habits, depending on the severity of the condition and how well it responds to a particular treatment, one may begin to notice improvements within a few days or weeks. If one is suffering from an extremely dry scalp, it might take several weeks or even a few months to see significant improvement.

Tolat says, "It's essential to continue moisturising the scalp regularly, using gentle hair care products, avoiding harsh treatments and following a healthy diet and lifestyle. Additionally, adjusting your hair care routine based on your scalp's response to treatments can also be helpful."

Treat dry scalp naturally
Ayurveda specialist, Pokarna says, "Home remedies are effective to rid dryness from the scalp and promote strong and luscious hair". She recommends practising the following:

1. Take scalp massages with nourishing oils like coconut oil or sesame-based oils containing essential herbs like Japa, Bhringraj and Brahmi, on a regular basis.

2. Apply oil and then wash your hair with decoctions of Reetha, Shikakai, Triphala

3. Use rejuvenating supplements like Chyawanprash or natural calcium supplements

4. Practise pranayama and meditation to reduce/ cope with stress

5. You can also include the application of powders like Shikakai, Avala, Reetha and Methi, aloe vera, egg whites and buttermilk into your haircare routine to treat dry scalp.

Pokarna also shares a few natural hair packs which are extremely effective in getting rid of dry scalp

Yastimadhu hair pack

Ingredients:
Yastimadhu (liquorice) 10 gm
Powdered chironji seeds (Calumpong nut) 10 gm
Kushta powder (Costus root) 10 gm
Urad daal(Black gram) 10 gm
Rock salt 4 gm
Honey enough to make a paste

Method: All the above ingredients are to be finely powdered and mixed well in pure honey until it becomes a thick paste.

Application: To be applied on the scalp and hair for a duration of 20 minutes. Wash your hair with a mild shampoo.

Mango pit hair pack

Ingredients:
Finely powdered mango pit or seed 15 gm
Dry ginger powder 15 gm
Cow milk enough to make a paste

Method: In equal quantity mix all to form a thick paste.

Application: Apply on the scalp and hair for 20 minutes and then wash it with a mild shampoo.

Bhringaraj and Methi hair pack

Ingredients:
Fresh juice of Bringraj 40 ml
Methi or Fenugreek seed powder 20 gm

Method: Mix it well and form a paste

Application: Apply on the scalp for over 20 minutes. Wash hair with a mild shampoo.

Apply these packs twice a week. Regular application of these packs over a period of 3-6 months shows great results.

Healthy haircare habits
In order to promote a healthy scalp and maintain the overall health of your hair, it is essential to practice certain healthy hair care habits to reduce hair damage.

1. Wash your hair at least 2-3 times a week. This will help remove dirt and oil buildup while also preserving natural scalp oils.

2. Choose a mild, sulfate-free shampoo that is suitable for your hair type and scalp condition to avoid stripping the scalp of its natural oils.

3. Moisturise your scalp from time to time. Apply natural oils or scalp serums regularly to keep the scalp moisturised and prevent dryness.

4. Minimise the use of heat-styling tools like blow dryers, straighteners and curling irons. They are your hair's worst enemies. Excessive heat can damage the hair and scalp.

5. Refrain from wearing hairstyles that pull the hair tightly. They can cause tension and lead to hair breakage.

6. Wear a hat or use protective hairstyles to shield the hair from harsh weather conditions and pollution.

7. Use a wide-tooth comb to detangle hair gently. This helps prevent hair breakage.

8. Get regular hair trims to remove split ends and maintain healthy hair.

Use the right products to treat dry scalp
To treat a dry scalp effectively, it's essential to use products that provide nourishment, hydration, and gentle care to the scalp. Tolat recommends some products that can help treat dry scalp

1. Moisturising conditioner: Use a moisturising conditioner after washing your hair with a shampoo to restore moisture and promote scalp and hair health.

2. Scalp serums or oils: Apply natural scalp serums or oils, such as coconut oil, olive oil, jojoba oil or almond oil, to the scalp regularly to keep it moisturised at all times.

3. Aloe vera gel: It can soothe and hydrate the scalp, providing relief from dryness and irritation.

4. Tea tree oil: This product has antimicrobial properties that help soothe an itchy, dry scalp. Dilute it with a carrier oil before applying it directly to the scalp.

5. Leave-in conditioners: Consider using leave-in conditioners that contain moisturising ingredients that provide continuous hydration to the scalp.

6. pH-balanced products: Opt for products with a balanced pH level, as they help maintain the scalp's natural acidity level, which is essential to maintain healthy skin.

Remember to patch-test new products on a small area of your scalp before full application, especially if you have sensitive skin or allergies. What works best can vary from person to person. It's essential to find the products that suit your scalp's needs.

Eating habits and dry scalp
Your eating habits and diet largely affect the health of your scalp. A well-balanced diet that includes nutrients like Omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins A, E and C, biotin, zinc and protein can promote a healthier scalp as these food support oil production and hydration. Additionally, reducing the intake of processed and sugary foods may further benefit scalp health. To maintain good scalp health, aim for a diverse diet rich in essential nutrients and consult a healthcare professional for personalised dietary advice.

Consuming foods like whole grains (wheat, oatmeal and brown rice), lentils, vegetables, curry leaves, fruits like gooseberry, pomegranate, grapes, nuts and seeds like almonds, raisins, dates, sesame seeds, traditionally prepared buttermilk with cumin seeds, cow ghee, coconut water, fenugreek, fennel seeds and coriander seeds can further promote a healthy scalp.

Water and dry scalp
Adequate hydration is essential for a healthy scalp as it helps retain moisture and balance oil production. Additionally, a well-hydrated scalp enhances the absorption of hair care products and reduces irritation. While water intake is effective in addressing dry scalp caused by dehydration, it should be complemented with other scalp care practices as well.

Consult a doctor
You should consider seeing a doctor, specifically a dermatologist or a healthcare professional if you experience any concerning signs or symptoms related to your scalp. Persistent dry scalp that doesn't improve with home remedies, severe itching, redness, inflammation or irritation on the scalp, excessive flaking or scaling, bleeding or crusting and hair loss are all worrisome signs that warrant medical attention.

An expert will help in properly diagnosing the underlying cause of your scalp issue, recommend suitable treatment and provide personalised advice to ensure a healthy scalp and hair. Early intervention can prevent potential complications and help you maintain optimal scalp health.

Disclaimer: This information does not replace professional medical advice. Consult a qualified specialist or your physician for personalised guidance.

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