Constipation during pregnancy: Causes, treatment and management

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Pregnancy can lead to constipation, which is a widespread issue. However, there are easy adjustments you can implement in your daily routine to alleviate this condition. Moreover, your doctor can suggest suitable medications to provide relief.

Constipation means having difficulty in passing stool. Many people have encountered this uncomfortable situation, with pregnant women being particularly susceptible due to hormonal changes that occur during pregnancy. Dr Kiran Coelho, senior gynaecologist, Lilavati Hospital Mumbai says, "As your body adjusts to support the pregnancy, you might notice constipation setting in when your hormone levels rise. This shift can occur during the second or third month of your initial trimester. Constipation is most common during the third trimester, as the growing foetus exerts the greatest pressure on your bowel. However, it can also occur at any point during pregnancy. In some cases, constipation may persist for up to four to five months after giving birth as well."

Coelho speaks at large about the causes, symptoms and treatment for this condition.

Key causes of constipation during pregnancy:
Constipation during pregnancy can be caused by various factors such as hormonal changes as the increased production of progesterone relaxes the intestines, resulting in slower waste elimination and increased absorption of nutrients and water from food. This prolonged process can cause food to dry out in the bowel, making it difficult to pass.

Not only this, the growing foetus adds pressure on the bowel due to the increased weight of the uterus. The iron from prenatal vitamins aids in blood production but can also hinder bacteria's ability to break down food in the bowel. Lack of proper hydration can also cause constipation during pregnancy. Influencing your constipation are your dietary habits, daily fluid intake, and level of physical activity. Pregnant women often lack sufficient fibre, hydration, and exercise to effectively aid their digestive system in eliminating waste from the body.

Key symptoms to look out for:
Infrequent bowel movements, difficulty passing stool with straining, and a bloated, gassy feeling in the abdomen are some common symptoms. The stools may be hard and lumpy, causing discomfort during passage. In some cases, constipation can also contribute to or exacerbate haemorrhoids and anal fissures - conditions frequently observed during pregnancy.

Treatment and management:
You will be suggested to take a laxative or fibre supplement. However, it's important to discuss with the doctor before using any laxatives or supplements, as not all of them have been proven safe and effective during pregnancy. It's best to avoid homemade remedies for constipation.

To manage constipation, you will also have to stay hydrated. It's important to drink plenty of water throughout the day to keep your digestive system functioning smoothly. Dehydration can worsen constipation, so drink at least 10-12 glasses of water daily. Including more fibre-rich foods in your diet can help tackle constipation. Fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes are excellent sources of fibre that can promote regular bowel movements.

Engaging in gentle exercises such as walking or prenatal yoga can stimulate the bowels and improve overall digestion. Physical activity supports the natural movement of waste through the intestines, which can combat constipation effectively during pregnancy.

Consult your doctor before exercising and take the help of a yoga expert or a fitness trainer. Do not exercise on your own.

Disclaimer: This information does not replace professional medical advice. Consult a qualified specialist or your physician for personalised guidance.