Does being distracted mean you have ADHD? Experts clarify

In today's age of social media, where mental health conversations have gained momentum, many people have opened up about suffering from Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in recent years, describing their symptoms and how it affects their lives.

Earlier this month, actress Alia Bhatt had opened up about being diagnosed with ADHD. "I used to get zoned out from a young age. I used to get zoned out in the classroom or during conversations. Recently, I did a psychological test and found out that I am high on the ADHD spectrum. I have ADHD - attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder," she revealed in an interview with Lallantop.

ADHD is a common neurodevelopmental condition that affects millions around the world. Widely believed to be diagnosed only in children, the condition can extend into adulthood and be recognised later in life. Relating to symptoms shared by people living with the condition has led to many others self-diagnosing themselves for the condition, especially if they are easily distracted. But does being distracted mean you have ADHD?

Mid-day.com speaks to Sumalatha Vasudeva, Psychologist, Gleneagles BGS Hospital, Bengaluru, and Dr. Kedar Tilwe, Consultant Psychiatrist, Fortis Hiranandani Hospital, Vashi, who not only explain all about the condition but also list down common misperceptions and harms of self-diagnosing oneself.

What is ADHD, and how does it affect one's day-to-day life?
Vasudeva: ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder marked by symptoms such as inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, which can vary significantly among individuals.

In daily life, ADHD affects focus and attention, making it challenging to concentrate on tasks, often resulting in unfinished projects or overlooked details. Individuals may struggle with organisation and time management, leading to disorganised environments. Impulsivity can result in risky decisions and interruptions in conversations, while difficulties in emotional regulation may cause heightened frustration or mood swings. Additionally, ADHD can impact social interactions, making it harder to maintain relationships. Despite these challenges, many individuals effectively manage their symptoms through strategies, therapy or medication.

Tilwe: ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder in which there is a circuitry dysfunction in the brain. It is characterised by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness. The onset is usually between the ages of 4-6 years. ADHD can manifest differently in men and women. Males have a tendency towards hyperactivity, while in females, it's more about inattention. But the condition affects all genders equally.

ADHD can manifest itself in different ways, and the presentation varies from person to person. Some examples are:
Inattention: The child will not speak when spoken to. They might drift into their own world or have difficulty finishing tasks.
Hyperactivity: If you ask a child to stand in a line, they might not do that. They will constantly be fidgeting.
Impulsivity: They might get small injuries due to impulsivity; for example, they might climb a tree and injure themselves. Day-to-day situations may prove to be harmful in such cases.

ADHD can also impair a person's ability to function well in academic life. A child might not be able to focus in class and pay attention despite having the intelligence to do so.

Several co-morbid conditions can also develop with ADHD because of the impact on normal processing of information and focus in day-to-day activities. These include mood disorders, anxiety disorders, etc. If ADHD is not treated or is in the moderate-to-severe category, substance abuse can also be a risk.

What are some symptoms of ADHD?
Vasudeva: Children with ADHD often exhibit distinct primary symptoms. These include difficulties with inattention, such as sustaining focus, being easily distracted, disorganisation and forgetfulness. Hyperactivity symptoms may manifest as fidgeting, restlessness, excessive running, or climbing. Additionally, impulsivity can lead to impulsive decisions or actions and interrupting others. These symptoms can significantly impact a child's daily life, relationships, and academic performance. Recognising these primary symptoms is crucial for early intervention and effective management of ADHD.

Can ADHD only be diagnosed in children?
Vasudeva: No, ADHD does not only occur in children. It can persist into adolescence and adulthood, and some individuals may not receive a diagnosis until later in life.

Tilwe: While the onset is at an early age, ADHD may get missed if it's mild and be diagnosed later in life.

What are some common misconceptions about ADHD?
Vasudeva: People have many misconceptions about ADHD. Some of these are:
1. ADHD is only for children.
2. ADHD medications are addictive.
3. ADHD can be cured.
4. Only boys have ADHD.
5. ADHD is caused by poor parenting.

Tilwe: The most common myth is that the IQ of a child with ADHD is low. That is not true. The IQ of someone with ADHD may be normal or even high. But if you do an IQ test, the impulsiveness and restlessness may come in the way of scores. Another myth is that ADHD can't occur in girls or women. It can. Its presentation is not exclusive to boys.

Does being distracted mean someone has ADHD? How dangerous can a self-diagnosis of ADHD prove to be?
Vasudeva: No, being distracted doesn't necessarily mean you have ADHD. Distraction is a common experience, and many factors can contribute to it, such as:
1. Lack of sleep
2. Stress or anxiety
3. Multitasking
4. Digital overload
5. Fatigue
6. Boredom
7. Other medical conditions (e.g., depression, anxiety disorders)

Self-diagnosis of ADHD can be problematic, posing significant risks to one's health and well-being. Misdiagnosis is a major concern, as symptoms may be attributed to ADHD when another condition is the actual cause. This can lead to delayed professional evaluation and treatment, potentially worsening symptoms. Self-medicating or using unproven remedies can also have adverse effects, interacting with other medications or causing harmful reactions.

Furthermore, self-diagnosis perpetuates stigma and misunderstandings about ADHD, reinforcing negative stereotypes. It may also overlook co-occurring conditions, underlying issues, and other mental health concerns, resulting in inadequate support and delayed recovery. To avoid these risks, consulting a qualified healthcare professional is essential for an accurate diagnosis and personalised treatment plan.

Tilwe: There are clear-cut criteria for the diagnosis of ADHD. Distractibility, which is often confused with ADHD, can be a symptom or result of other conditions as well, like anxiety disorders, substance abuse disorders, etc. If you mistake yourself to be having ADHD instead of the actual condition, you will not only miss out on the correct diagnosis and treatment, you will also end up pursuing the wrong treatment. That can worsen the condition. Consulting a mental health professional is extremely important.

Can ADHD be treated?
Vasudeva: Yes, ADHD can be effectively treated. Treatment options vary depending on age, severity, and individual needs.
Tilwe: There is a clearly established protocol for ADHD treatment. If the symptoms are moderate to severe, medication can be prescribed by a psychiatrist after a formal diagnosis and assessment. But this occurs when it becomes difficult for a person to function with ADHD. For mild to moderate symptoms, lifestyle adjustments are recommended, like behavioural techniques.

Please share some tips for people with ADHD to navigate day-to-day life with this condition.
Vasudeva: Here are some tips:
1. Use planners and calendars to stay organised.
2. Break tasks into smaller, manageable chunks.
3. Set reminders and alarms.
4. Prioritise tasks based on importance and deadlines.
5. Create a daily routine.
6. Eliminate distractions (turn off notifications, find quiet space).
7. Take regular breaks.
8. Exercise regularly (improves focus).
9. Practice mindfulness meditation.

Tilwe: The most important thing is to seek professional help because the severity would determine the treatment. Simple lifestyle modifications like limiting caffeine and carbonated beverage intake, focusing on one task at a time, using time schedulers, etc. can be helpful.
It is important to note that ADHD is now widely being considered a neuroatypical condition wherein the brain just functions differently instead of a disorder. But the organisational system that needs to develop around them needs to be understood and utilised.

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